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By Dr.
Loren Cordain
Eat meat. That's the dietary
advice given by a team of scientists who examined the dietary role of
fat in a study that combined nutritional analysis with anthropologic research
about the diets of ancient hunter-gatherer societies.
But there's a catch: To be
as healthy as a cave man you have to eat certain kinds of fish, wild game
such as venison, or grass-fed meat such as beef. The researchers conducted
detailed chemical analysis of the meats people ate 10,000 years ago and
compared those results to the most common meat people eat today.
They found that wild game,
such as venison or elk meat, as well as grass-fed beef, contain a mixture
of fats that are actually healthy for you, and, the researchers say, lower
cholesterol and reduce other chronic disease risk.
Recent studies have indicated
that a healthy diet should contain a balance of essential fats. The two
types of most concern are omega-6 and omega-3, and both are essential
for proper nutrition.
Omega-3 fat, which is often
found in high levels in certain fish, has been shown to reduce the risk
of cardiovascular disease, but too much omega-3 can increase the risk
of stroke. Omega-6 fat also is an essential fat, but too much omega-6
in the diet can contribute to inflammatory responses associated with of
chronic disease.
According to the researchers,
their analysis found that wild elk, deer and antelope from the Rocky Mountains
region have greater amounts of omega-3 fatty acids and a lower - and therefore
healthier - ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids in muscle meats, compared
to grain-fed beef.
Both grass-fed steers and the
wild ruminants have a ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids slightly
above two in meat. In other words, two parts omega-6 to one part omega-3.
That ratio is much lower than the ratios of 5-to-1 to 13-to-1 reported
in previous studies for grain-fed steers.
The low fat ratio of wild ruminants
and grass-fed beef is good news for people who need to reduce their cholesterol.
The fatty acid ratio in wild ruminants is consistent with the recent American
Heart Association recommendation to increase the consumption of omega-3
fatty acids found in certain fish in order to reduce the risk of cardiovascular
disease.
Analyzing the foods that people
ate 10,000 years ago is not a flight of scientific esoterica. The researchers
say this finding has important implications for what we eat today.
Although 10,000 years ago predates
all modern civilizations, it is a small blip in the evolutionary timeline
of humans. Some nutritionists believe that by studying what people ate
in the Paleolithic Era, also known as the Old Stone Age, they can determine
the proper mix of foods for modern man.
Anthropological nutritionists
have studied the few isolated hunter-gatherer societies - such as the
Nanamiut of Alaska, the Aborigines of Australia and the !Kung of Africa
- that remained into the 20th century and found that modern maladies,
such as heart disease, high cholesterol, obesity and diabetes, are rare
in these populations.
Over the past several decades,
numerous studies have found that indigenous populations have low serum
cholesterol and triglyceride levels. This is despite the fact that their
diets aren't going to reap praise from many modern nutritionists.
Previous studies have found
that nearly all - 97 percent - of the world's hunter-gatherer societies
would have exceeded recommended guidelines for fat. Although this may
be surprising to many people, it fits exactly with what research is showing
about the importance of specific types of fat in the diet.
Current research is showing
that, with the decline of fat in the diet, the amount of fat isn't as
important as the relative amounts, or ratio, of specific fats in your
diet. It's a qualitative issue, not a quantitative issue. By eating more
of the good fat you can lower your cholesterol and reduce your risk of
cardiovascular disease.
This balance of fats has changed
dramatically in the past century.
Generally, our modern diets,
especially in the past 100 years, have changed to where we're consuming
excess amounts of omega-6 fat. Omega-6 is found in high levels in many
of the oil seed crops that we consume. It's also found in the meat of
the livestock that eat these grains.
European Journal of Clinical
Nutrition January 2002
Purdue
News February 4, 2002
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