Young children
are being prescribed fewer antibiotics than they were in 1995,
a decrease that is in line with recent public health messages
urging doctors to tone down their use of antibiotic prescriptions.
In 1995, close
to 1,200 antibiotic prescriptions were written per 1,000 children,
however in 1999 the number had declined some 41 percent to
about 700 prescriptions per 1,000 children, according to a
study of children aged 4 years and younger.
Overuse, and frequent
misuse, of antibiotics to treat ailments such as the cold
and flu, has allowed many bacteria to become resistant to
the drugs, rendering the illnesses harder to treat.
In response to
the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, organizations
including the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics published guidelines
for the appropriate use of antibiotics. Other campaigns, targeting
both doctors and parents, were also launched.
The recent study,
which investigated the effect of these campaigns on antibiotic
prescribing using data from 1993 to 1999, concluded that the
campaigns are indeed making a difference.
Of the antibiotic
prescriptions included in the study, close to half were intended
to treat otitis media (middle ear infections). Upper respiratory
infections, pharyngitis (throat inflammation), bronchitis
and sinusitis also accounted for a large number of the antibiotic
prescriptions. Antibiotics were prescribed for upper respiratory
infections even though the drugs are often ineffective against
such illnesses, researchers said.
Data indicated
that antibiotic prescriptions for middle ear infections and
upper respiratory infections both decreased during the study
period, which, researchers say, accounted for a large portion
of overall reduction.
Decreasing antibiotic
use may stop antibiotic resistance from spreading in the short-term
and may decrease resistance in the future, researchers noted.
Pediatric
Infectious Disease Journal December 2002;21:1023-1028