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A plant-derived chemical produced when your body digests
green vegetables such as broccoli and kale can inhibit the
growth of human prostate cancer cells, according to research.
Vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, kale and cauliflower
are rich sources of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), which the body
converts into 3,3'-diindolylmethane DIM during digestion.
DIM acts as a powerful anti-androgen that inhibits the spread
of human prostate cancer cells in culture tests. Androgen
is a necessary hormone for the normal function of the prostate,
however it also plays a role in the early stages of prostate
cancer. Prostate cancer in the early stages is typically treated
with anti-androgen drugs.
In later stages of the disease, cancer cells typically develop
resistance to androgen.
In the study, the researchers compared the effects of DIM
on androgen-dependent human prostate cancer cells as well
as on cancer cells that were independent of androgen.
It was found that androgen-dependent cancer cells treated
with a solution of DIM grew 70 percent less than untreated
cells. However, androgen-independent cells were not affected
by the DIM solution.
Further tests showed that DIM inhibits the actions of dihydrotestosterone
(DHT), the primary androgen involved in prostate cancer. DHT
works by stimulating the expression of prostate specific antigen
(PSA). PSA acts as a growth factor for prostate cancer, however
when androgen-dependent cells were treated with DIM, the level
of PSA decreased, which suggests that DIM functions at a gene
expression level, according to researchers.
The findings support previous research that has shown this
class of chemicals to be a potential therapeutic agent for
breast and endometrial cancer.
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths
in American men. One in 10 men in the United States will develop
signs of prostate cancer in his life, and more than 100,000
new cases are reported each year.
Researchers noted that there are already plenty of health
reasons to consume more vegetables such as broccoli, and their
findings add another potential benefit when it comes to preventing
prostate caner.
Prostate cancer is the second deadliest cancer among American
men and over 100,000 new cases are reported each year.
Journal of Biological Chemistry
June 6, 2003
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