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by Vijendra K. Singh, Ph.D. April 6, 2000
Today, I will be speaking about the autoimmunity aspect of vaccines in
autism, a medical condition that has been largely ignored by the medical
community and federal government for a very long time and yet the incidence
of autism is increasing at an alarming rate.
An estimated one-half of a million Americans, mainly
children, and millions more worldwide are known to suffer from autism,
a heart-rending disorder that severely impairs higher brain functions:
social interaction, communication, language, imagination and cognition.
The disorder is a life-long mental disability with devastating consequences
for both the patient and his/her family. Thus the financial burden is
huge for the families who care for children with autism.
Autism is an idiopathic brain disorder, which simply
means that the etiology of the disorder is not known. And there is no
single, clear-cut cause for autism. Causally speaking, I tend to think
that autism is a complex disorder, in which autoimmunity to brain plays
a key role.
Today, in spite of virtually no funding available,
autoimmunity is the most extensively investigated topic of research in
autism. This is by and large due to the fact that autoimmunity is the
prime target of therapy that has proven to be quite effective in ameliorating
autistic characteristics. Thus the autoimmunity research, unlike the genetic
research, has already significantly improved the health and welfare of
individuals with autistic disorder.
I have recently coined a term "Autoimmune Autism
(AA)" to refer to a subset of autism that has autoimmune etiology.
Moreover, there are scientific reasons to think that this subset may indeed
be a result of vaccine injuries to children who display autistic regression.
Autoimmunity is an abnormal reaction immune reaction,
in which the immune system becomes primed to react against body organs.
It's a mosaic of highly complicated interactions and networking between
cells and molecules of the immune system.
The body makes autoantibodies against itself, resulting
in damage to tissues and organs. The "autoimmune" response is
what happens in autoimmune diseases such as lupus, and my research showed
that a similar response my account for the brain abnormalities found in
people with autism.
Autoimmune diseases are identified and characterized
by many factors. The hallmark is the "organ-specific autoantibodies"
that have also been identified in people with autistic disorder. To that
end, I have recently summarized laboratory data of approximately 400 cases
(autistic and controls) and found that up to 80% of autistic children
have autoantibodies to specific brain structures, in particular a brain
protein known as myelin basic protein (MBP) of the myelin sheath, a fatty
coating that insulates nerve fibers and absolutely essential for higher
brain functions.
These autoantibodies are present quite frequently
(65-85%) in autistic children, but only rarely (0-5%) in normal children
and other disease controls. Accordingly, I postulated that autism involves
a specific autoimmune response to MBP -- an immune assault that impairs
myelin development in the developing brain, thereby modifying the nerve
cell functions of the brain. Ultimately, by way of impaired wiring diagram
in the brain, this results into autism.
Autoimmunity is commonly triggered by environmental
exposures such as viral infections. Virus serology (or virus antibodies)
is an excellent tool for studying virus infections in disease states.
However, until recently, such studies had not been performed for autism.
Because of my ongoing research, I became interested in examining a virus
link with autoimmunity in autism. I recently raised two specific questions:
(1) Do autistic children have a hyperimmune response
(or increase of antibodies) for a specific virus?
(2) Is there a relationship between virus antibodies
and brain autoantibodies in autism? I conducted a carefully designed study
to address these two questions. Succinctly, I made two very important
observations: first, there was indeed a hyperimmune response to a virus
and it was specifically for the measles virus (MV), but not for the other
viruses tested [human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), rubella virus (RV), and cytomegalovirus
(CMV)]; and secondly, there was an association between measles virus antibodies
and MBP autoantibodies (i.e., the higher the measles virus antibody level
the greater the chance of brain autoantibody).
Few months earlier in the same year (February, 1998),
I had already found that many autistic children had antibodies to a specific
protein of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine (MMR vaccine preparation).
These viral antibodies were also related to positive titers of brain MBP
autoantibodies.
This was most probably the first laboratory-based
evidence to link measles virus and/or MMR vaccine to autoimmunity in children
with autism. Collectively, these observations led me to speculate that
autism may be caused by a measles- or MMR vaccine-induced autoimmune response.
Unfortunately, due to lack of funding, I have not been able to extend
this research and the progress has been hampered.
As I made scientific presentation of my initial findings,
a vaccine-autism connection became even more apparent. I compiled a nonscientific,
anecdotal survey of vaccine-injured children with "autistic regression"
or autistic disorder, as reported by families. Surprisingly, up to 93%
of the reported cases had autistic symptoms shortly after vaccinations
(52% post-MMR, 33% post-DPT, and 8% post-MMR and/or post-DPT).
The remaining 7% of the reported cases were not linked
to any vaccination at all. Indeed, if these numbers are reproducible,
the data will lead to inescapable conclusion that these vaccines can potentially
cause autoimmunity in autism. Quite candidly, this will not be first time
that a vaccine has been linked to a disease or disorder. There is quite
a bit of literature linking vaccines to autoimmune diseases.
Furthermore, an epidemiological study just published
in JAMA (March 8, 2000) described "extraimmunization" amongst
American children and considered it to be a contributing factor for the
adverse effects of the vaccines. And I think the vaccines and autism connection
is no exception to these adverse effects.
In summary, the rapidly accumulating evidence strongly
implicates autoimmunity in autism, which in many may result from a vaccine
injury. There is a possibility of an atypical measles infection in autism,
but the evidence also suggests a MMR vaccine infection.
Without any reservation, I would strongly recommend
that this Congressional Committee reviews all the information in bipartisanship,
and explore the possibility that drug companies never properly evaluated
the safety of vaccines in the first place. If this indeed were true then
it becomes imperative that we as a society must pay an immediate attention
to this problem; otherwise, an epidemic of autism is a real good possibility.
There should be no mistaking about it because autism
is on a sharp rise and vaccinations, especially the extraimmunization,
could potentially explain this rise. The onset of autism (or autistic
regression) post-immunization should no longer be regarded as merely a
coincidence with the timing of the vaccinations, as our federal health
officials continue to do.
We must find new ways to curve adverse effects of
vaccines, including autism. Considering a population of 500,000 cases
of autism in the United States, the autoimmunity research, but not the
genetic research, has already had a great impact on the health and welfare
of autistic people. Since brain autoimmunity is found in up to 85% of
cases, it can potentially help an estimated 425,000 Americans.
Indeed, many of them are already reaping the benefits
of the experimental autoimmune therapy. Thus there is an urgent need to
promote autoimmunity research in autism. This recommendation is in contrast
to the opinions held by the directors of the federal agencies and major
private foundations (Cure Autism Now and National Alliance for Autism
Research) who are erroneously committed themselves to fund genetic research
only.
Finally, I urge the Government Reform Committee to
provide leadership for new solutions to the existing problems surrounding
autism research, and request the Committee Members to be visionary and
offer new hope to the people with autism -- The essence of life is to
care.
Click
here for the link to the entire proceedings.
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