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Can the effects of nutrition
be passed down from generation to generation? In a new study, Swedish
researchers set out to determine whether childhood overeating influences
descendants' risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
It has been theorized
that a child who grows up with inadequate nutrition will become
programmed to accept the atypical diet later in life. Does this
"programming" reach further than a lifetime? Study findings
say yes.
Three generations-born
in Sweden in 1890, 1905 and 1920-were included in the study. Historical
data was used to determine how much food was available during the
19th and 20th centuries, a time when meager crops made famine common.
It was found that when
little food was available to fathers during their "slow-growth"
period (SGP), which occurs before puberty, descendants had a low
rate of mortality from cardiovascular disease. Having a paternal
grandfather who had little food during his SGP was associated with
a decreased risk of diabetes. However, when paternal grandfathers
had a surplus of food during their SGP, descendants' rate of mortality
from diabetes increased nearly four times.
Causes for the associations
were not determined, but the study suggests that childhood nutrition,
particularly among males, seems to have influenced the risk of mortality
from cardiovascular disease and diabetes in later generations.
European
Journal of Human Genetics October 31, 2002;10:682-688
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