Can being overweight lead to a longer life? Federal researchers
reported that people who are overweight but not obese have a lower
risk of mortality than those of normal weight.
Statisticians and epidemiologists from the National Cancer Institute
and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that
a higher risk of death from obesity was
seen, for the most part, in only those who were extremely obese
-- a mere 8 percent of Americans. Moreover, the researchers noted
being exceptionally thin (the thinness was longstanding and unlikely
to stem from disease) led to a slight increase
in the risk of death.
The study claimed:
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Obesity and extreme obesity are responsible for about 112,000
extra deaths.
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Overweight prevents about 86,000 deaths, a net toll of some
26,000 deaths in all three categories combined, compared to
34,000 extra deaths found in those who are underweight.
Further, in a sophisticated analysis derived from a well-known
method used to predict cancer risk, the study controlled for age,
race, smoking and alcohol consumption. The study also used the federal
government's own weight categories, which define fatness and thinness
according to a "body mass index" correlating weight to
height, regardless of sex.
Some argue the report is a sanity break from the near-hysterical
reaction society has about avoiding fat; others don't buy the findings,
pointing out a previous study that found mortality risks in being
overweight and even greater risks of being obese.
Unaddressed Issues
There has long been conclusive evidence that as people move from
overweight to obese to extremely obese they are more and more likely
to have diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels.
The study addressed the risk only of death and not of disability
or disease.
Also, research did not explain why overweight appeared best as
far as mortality was concerned. However, one doctor said the reason
may be because most people die when they are over 70 and having
some extra fat in old age appears to be protective -- giving rise
to more muscle and more bone. And, whether or not there really is
a mortality risk in being underweight depends on the point in which
a person restricts their caloric intake, though that point remains
undetermined.
Journal
of the American Medical Association April 20, 2005;292(15):1868-1874
New
York Times April 20, 2005
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