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September 27 2007
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Can Selenium Protect You from Cancer?

Dr. Donald W. Miller, a cardiac surgeon and Professor of Surgery at the University of Washington in Seattle, shares impressive research findings on the cancer-fighting properties of selenium.

As scientists have now determined, cells of all organisms, whether bacterial, animal, or non-animal, need selenium for proper functioning.

Selenium deficiency has been linked to a wide variety of disorders and diseases, including:

  • Hypothyroidism
  • Cognitive decline
  • Cancer (including lung, prostate, colorectal, skin)
  • Heart failure
  • Coronary artery disease (atherosclerosis) 

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), as set by the U.S. Food and Nutrition Board, is 55 mcg of selenium per day, based on two studies that show this amount of selenium supports the optimal generation of glutathione peroxidase. This is believed to be adequate for 98 percent of the population. 

However, this government recommendation did not take into account a previous finding that shows a dose four times higher (200 mcg) to have an anti-cancer effect, without being toxic. 

Some of the scientific explanations for selenium’s anti-cancer effect include: 

  • Increased antioxidant protection and immune system
  • Regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis (programmed cell death)
  • Suppression of growth of blood vessels supplying nutrients to the cancer
  • Inhibition of tumor cell invasion 

The first indications of selenium toxicity are "garlic breath" and dry skin. As the toxicity increases, your fingernails develop white patches, become brittle, and fall off. Hair and nail loss occurs once selenium intake reaches 4,990 mcg per day, according to one study.

LewRockwell.com August 27, 2007

 



Dr. MercolaDr. Mercola's Comments:

Indeed, making sure you get enough selenium appears to be a good idea for many. Especially if you live in an area with selenium-poor soils, as these areas tend to show higher cancer rates among their population than those living in selenium-rich soil areas.

I recently met Dr. William LaValley in Austin, Texas and was very impressed with his comprehensive perspective with therapeutic nutrition to treat disease states with natural therapies. He has spent many years carefully reviewing the literature and understanding these complex molecular biological pathways, to come up with something that makes sense clinically.

I asked him for his perspective and thought you might find it useful:

For prevention of cancer and other diseases associated with high oxidative causes, a little is good, up to  200 mcg per day, especially in the selenomethionine form.  Higher doses are possibly problematic.

In cancer treatment, however, there is a good evidence base to support the use of significantly higher doses in the correct dosage form -- especially the selenium selenite in liquid drops -- as part of a well-designed integrative and complementary medicine cancer treatment protocol.

This information may be misleading, however. 

The lower doses are recommended for prevention of the disease, while higher doses are used for treatment only after the cancer is diagnosed. The higher doses are for regulation of cell proliferation, via inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death).

Some natural health writers lead people to believe that 200 mcg of selenium will have cancer-fighting benefits through this pro-apoptotic mechanism.  I don't see the evidence supporting this. The 200 mcg lower dose of selenium is targeting the cellular antioxidant machinery that reduces the ROS burden -- therefore it is more likely to be anti-cancer, and since it also supports better cellular function -- it is  more likely to support your immune system. There are specific immune benefits in other molecular pathways as well.
.

The higher doses provoke reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and are cytotoxic in acute dosing.  Chronic, slow increases in doses of selenium probably allows your cells to adapt to the selenium without toxicity, except cells are then less able to respond to provide antioxidant benefits via GSSH.  (Cancer Res. 2001 Oct 1;61(19):7071.)

Bottom Line on Selenium

A little of high quality selenium is necessary for good health.  Acute higher doses are acutely cytotoxic and can be harmful or beneficial, depending on the intended use.  The evidence base supports the use of high doses under appropriate medical supervision for anti-cancer, proapoptotic stimulation and activation of molecular metabolic pathways that inhibit/block neoplastic proliferation.

For health maintenance, you should use selenium in a good bioavailable form, in a low dose (such as 200mcg).  This probably provides good anti-cancer benefits due to enhancing cellular pathways GSSH-GSH metabolism. You should avoid higher doses unless under supervision by a competent healthcare professional who understands the pathway stimulations being induced, and the should be reserved for targeting cancer that is already diagnosed. 

Do not use higher dose selenium for long term as an anti-cancer preventative.  High dose selenium is an inducer of ROS (superoxide anion) and can cause problems. 

The issue with antioxidant use and cancer prevention is tricky.  If someone has pre-cancerous stage cells or nascent cancer as yet undiscovered, then anti-oxidant use may well confer survival advantage to the cancer cells and make the situation worse.  These people need targeted pro-apoptotic, anti-cancer treatment.  The problem is, many of them don't (yet) know it.  The lung cancer studies that show that beta-carotene and Vitamin A use by smokers is associated with a bit greater cancer incidence is most likely due to this "undescribed" effect.

My thought prior to the release of these studies was that the use of certain antioxidants in smokers, if the sample size of the study were large enough, it would show that lung cancer incidence increased due to this (not yet widely understood antioxidant-conferring-survival-to-cancer-cells effect).  When the results came out, my thought was, 'of course, it's to be expected.'

The medical community was surprised and the natural health community went apoplectic.  I think very few understand the molecular biology and so the issue of personal bias plays into the response to the data.  I predict the same type of results for other cancers if the cohort size is adequate."

I appreciate Dr. LaValley’s willingness to share his expert thoughts on selenium.

Interestingly, "Chest" just published evidence-based clinical guidelines this month, including some for CAM therapies, and against some dietary supplements.  Please see Chest Sep 2007: 1S–19. If you would like more details on this fascinating subject I would encourage you to read this free full text journal article.


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Community Comments ( 41 )
Comment on this Article
  
  
samurai
[ Joined on 04/07 ] [ Posted on September 11, 2007 ]
12 Points        
   
 
Savvy User
I keep hearing more and more evidence as to why Brazil Nuts should be a part of your daily diet.  Here is another. 
 [ Reply ]
Mercola
  
Igshaad
[ Joined on 09/07 ]  [ Posted on September 27, 2007]
       
   
Novice User
  Mercola

I eat two Brazil nuts after breakfast each morning.  I don't know how much selenium that is.  Is that enough or too much?

Mercola
  
Edwin1983
[ Joined on 03/07 ]  [ Posted on September 28, 2007]
       
   
Novice User
  Mercola

Hi Igshaad & others,

I eat 8 Brazil nuts throughout the day and this is why:

"Adding Brazil nuts to your diet will help you reach the desired level of 200 micrograms (mcg) per day. Here is an important tip: one unshelled Brazil nut (the kind you must crack yourself) averages 100 mcg of selenium, according to Cornell Professor Donald J. Lisk. On the other hand, an already shelled Brazil nut averages 12 to 25 mcg. So, while you can reach your daily requirement with two freshly hulled Brazil nuts, it would take between 8 and 16 already-shelled nuts to reach that level."

source: www.cancerdecisions.com/121001.html

Hope this is good enough for you ;-).

Greetings,

Edwin

  
  
Patty D
[ Joined on 06/07 ] [ Posted on September 11, 2007 ]
7 Points        
   
 
Savvy User
The more I learn the sadder I get.  It's going to be impossible for a poor person, no matter how hard they try, to get all the way healthy.  With natural foods costing at least twice the amount of processed garbage, the cost of supplements that don't have harmful fillers etc, it can't be done.  What's wrong with this picture?  I'd give up my Medicare in a heartbeat to get some supplements, but what happens in an emergency?  Bankruptcy? 
 [ Reply ]
Mercola
  
Vicki Marie
[ Joined on 06/06 ]  [ Posted on September 11, 2007]
15 Points        
   
Savvy User
  Mercola
Patty -- I could not agree with you more. My friends and family (even my kids) think I am crazy to pay what I do for healthy food and supplements. I figure I either pay it now or pay the doctor later.
 
I keep hoping that as natural and organic acceptance spreads that prices will drop as this will become the norm and the processed and pesticide laden foods will become more and more obsolete.

I also think that as we learn to eat to live and not live to eat, we eat (and therefore buy) much less food.

Wishful thinking I know but I guess I am an optimist at heart. :)
Mercola
  
PepperR23
[ Joined on 06/06 ]  [ Posted on September 11, 2007]
7 Points        
   
Savvy User
  Mercola
Each step that you take in the right direction will bring an improvement in your health.  My health transformation, which is still on-going, has taken 5 years.  You will find ways to save money and slowly eliminate the toxins from your life.  Many are praying for your success! 
Mercola
  
Mark Fletcher
[ Joined on 04/07 ]  [ Posted on September 27, 2007]
1 Points        
   
Novice User
  Mercola

Vicki -- I think things are clearly getting worse.  If Americans were becoming more concerned about what they eat, then obesity wouldn't be on the increase.  These days all I see are people stuffing their faces with white bread and fries.

Mercola
  
Magnolia
[ Joined on 06/06 ]  [ Posted on September 29, 2007]
       
   
Savvy User
  Mercola

Patty, you are doing so well! Additionally, I so appreciate your comments of encouragement to others on this blog. You will succeed. And in doing so, provide a pathway for hundreds of others who are following in your courageous footsteps. Keep looking for creative ways to stretch your (currently)limited resources. You are loved!

  
  
Russ Bianchi
[ Joined on 09/06 ] [ Posted on September 10, 2007 ]
6 Points        
   
 
Savvy User
In addition to the sound and vetted comments from 'Islander' and 'ozy ness', for those who may have some forms of cancer already, may I suggest not only the above protocols, but also at least 10 ppm per day of ionic collodial silver (something the boys and girls in the pockets of K Street Big Pharma lobbyists over at FDA) do not want you to know about.

Uncle Russ
 [ Reply ]
Mercola
  
Reesacat
[ Joined on 01/07 ]  [ Posted on September 10, 2007]
16 Points        
   
Savvy User
  Mercola
Uncle Russ, thank you.
Mercola
  
moo
[ Joined on 11/06 ]  [ Posted on September 11, 2007]
2 Points        
   
Savvy User
  Mercola
 russ, i did'nt know you could ingest silver?  it is not a required mineral. does it get stored in the body?
Mercola
  
Aus5
[ Joined on 03/07 ]  [ Posted on September 27, 2007]
2 Points        
   
Novice User
  Mercola

www.gprxstore.com/.../8408823234.htm

About Ionic Silver

Many products claiming to be colloidal silver are in fact mostly ionic silver solutions. Many products advertised as colloidal silver never mention the words ionic silver in their literature or specify what percentage of the total silver in their product is silver ions vs. silver particles. Untold is the fact that the product is mostly ionic silver, not silver particles. The fact is, most such products only contain between 1% to 20% (10% typical) of their silver content in the form of silver particles with the majority 80% to 99% in the form of ionic silver.

Some products advertised as being ionic silver describe their properties in terms of silver particles attempting to confuse the reader into believing in the existence of ionic silver particles. There is no such thing. There are metallic silver particles (nanoparticles) and silver ions, no ionic silver particles. This distinction is very important.

What is ionic silver?

Ionic silver is not the same as metallic silver. For example, metallic silver is not water soluble (does not dissolve in water) but ionic silver is water soluble (it does dissolve in water). Technically speaking, a silver ion is an atom of silver that is missing one electron. It is the outermost electrons of an atom that determine the physical properties of matter. Take away one electron from a silver atom and you get a silver ion which is water soluble. In its ionic form, silver is highly reactive with other elements which means it will readily combine to form compounds. Ingestion of highly concentrated forms of ionic silver is known to cause argyria, a permanent discoloration of the skin.

The difference between silver ions and silver particles boils down to the fact that silver ions combine with chloride ions to form silver chloride and silver particles do not. This simple fact should be kept in mind when reading claims that silver ions are particles.

Mercola
  
Aus5
[ Joined on 03/07 ]  [ Posted on September 27, 2007]
4 Points        
   
Novice User
  Mercola

If a silver ion was really a silver particle it would not combine with chloride.

Why is this important?

Because a true silver colloid consists of silver particles, not ions. Inside the human body ionic silver quickly combines with chloride to form an insoluble compound called silver chloride. In fact, ionic silver cannot survive inside the human body. In the digestive tract hydrochloric acid supplies the chloride ions that cause ionic silver to quickly form silver chloride. If some ionic silver were ever able to get into the bloodstream it would encounter a large supply of chloride ions owing to the fact that blood serum is rich in sodium and potassium chloride, again quickly forming silver chloride. Only silver nanoparticles can survive inside the body.

What is important to know about silver chloride?

Silver chloride is a compound that is formed when silver ions combine with chloride ions. It is an insoluble compound which means once it is formed in the human body, it remains as a compound and does not dissolve. Silver ions and chloride ions have such a strong attraction for each other that it is almost impossible to keep them apart. Once they find each other they form the silver chloride compound. Because ionic silver forms silver chloride inside the human body it cannot exist as a ionic silver for more than a few seconds. This means that all ionic silver will turn into silver chloride once inside the body. Silver chloride is mostly a useless waste product which the body expels in the urine.

What about silver particles?

Metallic silver particles are unaffected by chloride ions and will circulate in the bloodstream where it is believed they kill pathogens they encounter. The particles will slowly be eliminated from the body and do not build up. Since it is the particles that have been reported to do the important work, it is important to know how much of the colloidal silver product is in the form of particles.

Mercola
  
Health 1
[ Joined on 03/07 ]  [ Posted on September 27, 2007]
1 Points        
   
Novice User
  Mercola

Excellent advise Russ. I myself found a lump in my breat tissue, some months ago, which when palpated and ascultated was serious in nature. It was active, (Heat eminating), hard, attached to the pericardium as well as breat tissue, it's borders indicated an active tumor and the discomfort was significant.  After consulting a colleague and dear friend both who are MDs, both found the mass to be as serious as I did. I declined the standard protocol and began my medical integrative journey with carful monitoring by my colleagues. I watched my dietary protocol carefully, initiated IP6, Moducare (phyto sterols), selenium, viscum album and nutripure along with adequate daily rest, as well as intense prayer.  I cut back my hours at the clinic somewhat and the resulting outcome was evident within two months. The tumor shrunk in size...is now insignificant in size and has become sebaceous in nature and has almost disapppeared.  I know this sounds  puzzling to some, but I can only report my findings. Everyone is dumbfounded at the results with the exception of my best friend an MD who is also a believer. It is not the first time, that I have had the profound joy of witnessing such results.

At the boring risk of repeating myself, Dr. Mercola and this invaluable column has without doubt not only benefited many, but has become a life line of major importance through His opinions (findings) but also through the input of many of you... and you are sorely needed here. Thx to many of you.

Keep up your wonderful work! :))

Blessings to all.

Dr. Trudy

Mercola
  
Health 1
[ Joined on 03/07 ]  [ Posted on September 27, 2007]
       
   
Novice User
  Mercola