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November 01 2007
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What's the Difference Between White and Dark Meat?

Confused about what makes white meat “white” and dark meat “dark?" You’re not alone. Misleading data about the good and bad sides of white and dark meat abound. Finally, here is the real truth about the meat you eat.

Dark Meat

Simply speaking, dark meats are dark because the muscles are used more (think drumsticks vs. breast meat). They have more myoglobin proteins, which help ship oxygen to your muscle cells.  

When dark meat is cooked, the myoglobins turn into metmyoglobins, which are very high in iron.

White Meat

White meat contains glycogen, which is a polysaccharide of glucose, an animal starch. Animal starch is stored in your liver, then broken down into glucose when it’s needed by the white muscle.

Nutritional Differences

Dark meat contains more zinc, riboflavin, niacin, thiamin, vitamins B6 and B12, amino acids, and iron than white meat. Dark meats also contain more saturated fats, along with omega-3 and omega-6 fats.

USDA Gradings: What do They Mean?

Outside of white and dark meat, there’s also “red” meat, which is typically beef. When choosing red meat, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) grades them based on the marbling (the fat between the muscle tissue). Here is a breakdown of what the gradings mean:

  • Kobe Beef: 20%-25% fat content

  • USDA Prime: above 8% fat content

  • USDA Choice: 4%-8% fat content

  • USDA Select: 3%-4% fat content

  • USDA Standard: below 3% fat content

Sources:



Dr. Mercola Dr. Mercola's Comments:
The Thanksgiving holiday is right around the corner for the United States. Many of you may only think about white and dark meat during the holidays, but choosing the right type of meat for your body is something you should really think about year-round.

People usually have a strong preference when it comes to white and dark meat. You probably either love dark meat, or hate it. Well, this is a giant clue to whether your nutritional type is protein, carb, or mixed.

Carb nutritional types thrive on white-meat chicken or turkey, while protein types definitely need dark-meat chicken or turkey, or red meat. Protein types prefer the dark meat because it has more fat and heavier purine-type amino acids while carb types prefer the lighter white meat.

Mixed types can usually do a mix of the two.

Keep in mind that dark meat has been wrongly vilified for having a lot of saturated fat. Saturated fat is not as unhealthy as you have consistently been led to believe, and the public health guidelines that advise people to avoid all saturated fats will result in serious health consequences.

Choosing Healthy White, Dark, and Red Meat

When you find out your nutritional type, you should stick to the protein sources that are best for you (they range from eggs to steak). But there is more to it than that.

You probably know I strongly recommend the use of organic foods. If you can’t afford to purchase most of your food organically, it would be best to purchase at least your meat products organic. They tend to have up to 20 times the amount of pesticides as produce due to the fact that they bioaccumulate over time through the food the animals eat.

However, when it comes to beef, grass-fed tends to be more important than organic as typically most grass-fed beef are virtually as pesticide- and hormone-free as organic, even if they aren’t certified. You would need to evaluate the farmer but that has been my experience.

The way most meat is raised today, in factory farms, makes it essential that you pay attention to where you meat comes from. Ideally, you should find a local farmer who will sell you organic, cage-free, chicken and turkey, and grass-fed beef.

Your next best option is to find these items in your health food store, however be aware that some food producers call their beef grass-fed, even though it was raised on grains for a few months prior to being processed. You need to talk to the meat’s producer to find out for sure.

Fortunately, the USDA recently announced new standards that will, for the first time, allow meat to be labeled as grass-fed only if it came from animals that ate nothing but grass after being weaned.

This will help, but the standards do not restrict the use of antibiotics and hormones and do not require grass-fed animals to live on pastures year round, so there is still much room for improvement.

Now, depending on your nutritional type, it would be perfectly healthy for you to choose a type of meat with a higher fat content. However, if you are buying your meat from a typical, conventional grocery store, you should only buy the leanest cuts of beef, such as flank steak or round steak.

Why? Most of the toxins from hormones and antibiotics will settle in fattier tissue, so the fattier cuts tend to have more toxins.

Alternatively, you can ask your butcher to order bison. In general, bison are raised much more naturally than other livestock, which means they're not given antibiotics or hormones and the meat is very lean. If you haven't ever tried it, I suggest you give it a try as in my opinion it's one of the best tasting of all meats. Its flavor is similar to prime beef, but sweeter and more tender.

So please don’t fall for all the hype that white meat is always better than dark. Instead, simply choose the variety that you crave. As long as the meat is from a healthy source, and you listen to your body, you can’t go wrong.

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Community Comments ( 36 )
Comment on this Article
  
  
mmc88121
[ Joined on 11/06 ] [ Posted on October 16, 2007 ]
12 Points        
   
 
Moderator User
Good explanation of white and dark meats.  That was something I never heard about while I was growing up.  Chicken was chicken and beef was beef etc.

Mary
 [ Reply ]
Mercola
  
Kaelisabeth
[ Joined on 07/07 ]  [ Posted on November 2, 2007]
2 Points        
   
Novice User
  Mercola

Hmm...I think I am a protien type...or I could be a mixed type

I am a poor college student who is trying to figure out her nutritional type without buying anythign that will explain it to me.

I wonder if I could just "feel" if I am a protien type or not. Many imes throughout the site, I have been feeling more Protien than Mixed...but sometimes I TOTALLY feel mixed...

I LOVE dark meat, but white meat is alright...but it has to be moist and yummy.

  
  
Russ Bianchi
[ Joined on 09/06 ] [ Posted on October 16, 2007 ]
8 Points        
   
 
Savvy User
Fascinating and this information corresponds to the salient and empirical metabolic typing rules Dr. Mercola exposes to.

One draw back, where do I print more money to eat Kobe Beef for more marbling of good for you fat?
 [ Reply ]
  
  
DJones3423
[ Joined on 05/07 ] [ Posted on November 1, 2007 ]
7 Points        
   
 
Apprentice User

I too have always preferred dark poultry meat to white. Unfortunately, it's difficult to find places that serve dark meat any more. Everyone is on the low-fat band wagon, and protein types like me suffer for it.

People think that I'm crazy for eating a high-protein, higher-fat, lower-carb diet and tell me that I'll wind up dead from it. But I'm sure that my death will come much later than if I had stayed on the diet that another doctor tried to kill me with. The more that I cut dark and red meat, eggs, dairy products, and salt out of my diet, the worse I felt and the more bloated with edema I became. Because my blood sugar plummetted between meals, I ate breads and fruits almost non-stop to keep it at a normal level. The other doctor refused to consider that the diet he recommended was part of my worsening problem. In his opinion, I got worse because I needed even less salt and less fats in my diet. He was nearly deadly wrong for me.

I'm thankful that Dr. Mercola's nutritionist helped me find foods that were more appropriate for my body and who told me to salt my food. When I switched to a low-carb diet and put iodized salt on my food (can anyone say "THYROIDS NEED IODINE"?), I felt much better. I eat meats, eggs, cheeses, and vegetables and limit the higher-carb items, including fruit. When I stick to this diet, my blood sugar doesn't bottom out in the 40s and 50s, and I don't feel as if I'm starving to death or about to pass out. I can go several hours between meals without a problem.

I listen to my body because, if I feel literally as if I'm going to die between meals, something definitely isn't right. It's too bad that more doctors aren't smart enough to realize this. No wonder so many older people have so many health problems. What kind of diets are they typically told to stick to? Low protein, low fat, low salt. If that's not the kind of diet your body needs, it will ravage you.

 [ Reply ]
  
  
Patty D
[ Joined on 06/07 ] [ Posted on October 16, 2007 ]
6 Points        
   
 
Savvy User
Too bad it doesn't go into the difference between range fed and grain fed fats and appropriate Omaga 3:6 ratio, but good article.
 [ Reply ]
  
  
emm76
[ Joined on 07/06 ] [ Posted on November 1, 2007 ]
5 Points        
   
 
Savvy User

Bison is a really excellent choice.  Far superior to beef.  I have a hard time eating beef now that we have switched to bison.  You can make anything bison that you can make with beef, just less cooking time.  Now when I eat beef, it tastes rancid or sour or something.  Just can't do it anymore.

 [ Reply ]
Mercola
  
EQ
[ Joined on 03/07 ]  [ Posted on November 1, 2007]
2 Points        
   
Savvy User
  Mercola

I LLLLLLLOVE Bison.  It's also a better meat for the environment on this continent.  They are native, good for the grassland, and support the natural soil aerators: prairie dogs (which also supply food for raptors and other carnivores).  They are one of the best meats for an environmentalist who needs purines to be healthy.  

  
  
LynOh
[ Joined on 11/07 ] [ Posted on November 1, 2007 ]
5 Points        
   
 
Novice User

I was very interested in Dr. Mercola's reference to "nutritional type."  Having read Dr. Peter J. D’Adamo’s “Eat Right 4 Your Type” many years ago, I believe that the answer to what "type" you are is embedded in your genes.  The assimilation of food into our bodies is a complex “chemical” process so it makes sense to me that the transporter of the components (blood) plays a major part.  From the book’s jacket: “Your blood type reflects your internal chemistry…  It determines… the foods you should eat.”

In my personal experience, knowing my blood type and applying Dr. D’Adamo’s principles has made a huge difference in how I feel (and I know many others for whom the same is true).  

Studying how the human body works is absolutely fascinating!  My quest for knowledge has brought me to Dr. Mercola -- kudos to him for providing so much good, sensible, useful information!

 [ Reply ]
  
  
Lifepower69
[ Joined on 10/07 ] [ Posted on November 1, 2007 ]
5 Points        
   
 
Novice User

This article was very helpful. Im always amazed of the lack of information that consumer base their decisions on.

 [ Reply ]
  
  
rrgrassi
[ Joined on 12/06 ] [ Posted on November 1, 2007 ]
5 Points        
   
 
Novice User

Personally, I prefer the taste of white meat over dark, but the white meat is usually very dry.  I do not really like chicken, but I do like turkey.  

Pork and beef are a different story.  I really like them.  I also like venison, wild boar, bison, etc.

 [ Reply ]
  
  
T_rex
[ Joined on 06/07 ] [ Posted on November 1, 2007 ]
5 Points        
   
 
Novice User

The issue of bioaccumulation of toxins in fatty tissues of beef which Dr. Mercola touches upon briefly is the primary reason I've been avoiding beef lately. Even grass-fed cattle can accumulate dioxins in their fat. How ?

dioxin laden soot from fires and incinerators can travel in the wind for long distances and fall on grass  that cattle graze upon. House fires are notorious dioxin sources: the PVC pipes, electrical wiring with vinyl insulation, vinyl flooring and carpeting, vinyl venetian blinds, when exposed to fire, release the chlorine they contain which then reacts with carbon and oxigen to produce dioxin compounds. This toxic soot is spread around by the wind. Dioxins of course are the most toxic chemicals known to science. Therefore it's very important to campaign for replacement of PVC and vinyl with safer non-chlorinated plastics.  

 [ Reply ]
  
  
Linda924
[ Joined on 11/07 ] [ Posted on November 1, 2007 ]
5 Points        
   
 
Novice User

I always liked white meat, until I purchased some chicken thighs during the summer and then all of a sudden...BOOM!  I now love dark meat.  I actually eat both, I have no preference of either!

 [ Reply ]
  
  
shorty07
[ Joined on 07/07 ] [ Posted on November 1, 2007 ]
5 Points        
   
 
Novice User

Funny. I hate dark meat. I also have high iron levels. Even when I was pregnant I didnt need to take extra iron cuz my body made enough. I love information like this..

 [ Reply ]
  
  
FKeitt
[ Joined on 08/07 ] [ Posted on November 1, 2007 ]
3 Points        
   
 
Novice User

I am truly informed after reading your articles. Thank you so much

 [ Reply ]
  
  
Joycexn
[ Joined on 03/07 ] [ Posted on November 1, 2007 ]
       
   
 
Apprentice User

Preference doesn't always follow your nutritional type.  I have loved dark meat all my life, and still prefer it, yet I am a carb type, which means I should eat more white meat.  I know I am a carb type because I bought Dr. Mercola's test you take on line.  So you can't always assume one will match the other.

 [ Reply ]
  
  
MDS
[ Joined on 01/07 ] [ Posted on November 1, 2007 ]
       
   
 
Novice User

Very interesting. I was taught I should prefer white meat (healthier?) but in fact I've always loved dark meat.  I only recently learned I am anemic and have never eaten enough protein--my body was telling me what it needed, while the "experts" were trying to convince me otherwise.

 [ Reply ]
  
  
jwags
[ Joined on 06/06 ] [ Posted on November 1, 2007 ]
       
   
 
Apprentice User

I've never seen a Turkey with DARK breast meat.  It's always white.  I think this is a typo in the article.

 [ Reply ]
Mercola
  
whitebuffalobk
[ Joined on 08/07 ]  [ Posted on November 2, 2007]
       
   
Novice User
  Mercola

The article says to compare drumsticks and breast meat...it does not say that breast meat is dark meat.  

  
  
Gingerhouse
[ Joined on 07/07 ] [ Posted on November 1, 2007 ]
       
   
 
Novice User

I find that my preference is always dark meat. The white meat always gets left till the last or I buy the parts only that are dark meat to begin with. It is a waste of my money to buy a whole chicken or turkey as I want the dark meat only. I also prefer red meat such as beef, deer, and even moose.

Some years ago I tried the Atkin's Diet and felt so much better. I didn't need to lose weight, but liked the foods that were on the diet. To this day I still go for anything that has protein and the vegetables on a buffet when I am eating out. Even before I took the mini test for my "nutritional type", I knew that I prefered all things protein.

 [ Reply ]
  
  
maggie36
[ Joined on 06/06 ] [ Posted on November 1, 2007 ]
       
   
 
Apprentice User

As far as light/dark meat, either chicken or turkey. Growing up as a child was given the hip and wing and to this day still prefer dark meat. To me, it has more flavor; yet will still have some white meat with gravy or in salad.BUT still prefer the dark meat.

So, my question...if one has eaten dark meat since they were children, not because they wanted it but were given it,( and prefer the dark meat still) does that mean they were protien body types since the day they were born?

I think there's more to it than preference in what we continue to eat as we become adults. There's an emotional attatchment to food..say, Macaroni and Cheese, conguers up a cold winter day, after playing in the snow. Coming into a warm house and sitting down with the family for Mac & C. and hot chocolate, animating about my snow fort.Every one is happy and smiling and as a child it felt secure.

Now a days, the food we eat is either shot full of hormones....or raised on big commerical ranches or is genecticly modified. We are told, most of the foods we ate growing up weren't good for us and have to change the way we eat. So, I look for "organic" everything, even drive 20 miles for raw milk...to use in my Mac & C. Belong to a co-op organic farm for vegetables so I can get nutrients from soil that hasn't been farmed beyond depletion.

What will todays children call comfort food? Any type of fat fast food! Most sadly!

 [ Reply ]