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Fascinating Facts You Never Knew About the Human Brain

brainThe human brain has amazed and baffled people throughout the ages. Some scientists and researchers have devoted their entire lives to learning how the brain works. Here are some facts about your brain.

Physical Attributes

The weight of your brain is about 3 pounds.

Your skin weighs twice as much as your brain.

Your brain is made up of about 75 percent water.

Your brain consists of about 100 billion neurons.

There are anywhere from 1,000 to 10,000 synapses for each neuron.

There are no pain receptors in your brain, so your brain can feel no pain.

There are 100,000 miles of blood vessels in your brain.

Your brain is the fattest organ in your body and may consists of at least 60 percent fat.

The Developing Brain

At birth, your brain was almost the same size as an adult brain and contained most of the brain cells for your whole life.

A newborn baby’s brain grows about three times its size in the first year.

Humans continue to make new neurons throughout life in response to mental activity.

The first sense to develop while in utero is the sense of touch. The lips and cheeks can experience touch at about 8 weeks and the rest of the body around 12 weeks.

Brain Function

Your brain uses 20 percent of the total oxygen in your body.

If your brain loses blood for 8 to 10 seconds, you will lose consciousness.

While awake, your brain generates between 10 and 23 watts of power -- or enough energy to power a light bulb.

The old adage of humans only using 10% of their brain is not true. Every part of the brain has a known function.

The brain can live for 4 to 6 minutes without oxygen, and then it begins to die. No oxygen for 5 to 10 minutes will result in permanent brain damage.

A study of 1 million students in New York showed that students who ate lunches that did not include artificial flavors, preservatives, and dyes did 14 percent better on IQ tests than students who ate lunches with these additives.

Psychology of Your Brain

You can’t tickle yourself because your brain distinguishes between unexpected external touch and your own touch.

There is a class of people known as supertasters who not only have more taste buds on their tongue, but whose brain is more sensitive to the tastes of foods and drinks. In fact, they can detect some flavors that others cannot.

The connection between body and mind is a strong one. One estimate is that between 50-70 percent of visits to the doctor for physical ailments are attributed to psychological factors.

Memory

Every time you recall a memory or have a new thought, you are creating a new connection in your brain.

Memories triggered by scent have a stronger emotional connection, and therefore appear more intense than other memory triggers.

While you sleep at night may be the best time for your brain to consolidate all your memories from the day. Lack of sleep may actually hurt your ability to create new memories.

Dreams and Sleep

Most people dream about 1-2 hours a night and have an average of 4-7 dreams each night.

Studies show that brain waves are more active while dreaming than when you are awake.

Some people (about 12 percent) dream only in black and white while others dream in color.

While you sleep, your body produces a hormone that may prevent you from acting out your dreams, leaving you virtually paralyzed.

Sources:

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Your brain has been called the most complex object in the universe -- despite being the subject of countless scientific studies, there is still much left to be discovered.

It’s known, for instance, that neurons in your brain are specialized cells that produce brief spikes of voltage in their outer membranes. Each neuron in your brain’s cortex receives input from as many as 10,000 other neurons, but no one knows exactly how information is coded through this system.

And when you learn something new, it’s known that your brain undergoes physical changes, but no one really knows what those changes are. Same goes for memory storage and retrieval. How your brain is able to retrieve certain memories and information in the instant you need them remains a mystery.

Then there are those completely astounding cases that really showcase what your brain is capable of, such as 20-something Daniel Tammet who can do calculations to 100 decimal places in his head and learn a language in a week. And no one can begin to explain how Stephen Wiltshire, a 32-year-old artist with autism, can create unbelievably detailed drawings of entire cities after seeing them for just minutes.

While researchers continue on trying to understand how and why your brain works the way it does, you may be interested in knowing what you can do to keep yours functioning at its best … and there’s quite a lot.

Your Brain Keeps Developing Well Into Middle Age

Brain volume was commonly believed to stop expanding after age 20. But in MRI brain scans researchers have found that white matter in your brain continues to increase until people are in their mid- to late-40s.

I haven’t personally reviewed this research, but I suspect that the study was done on the “average” non-healthy population, so if you pursued a healthy lifestyle, my guess is that this growth could continue to expand well into old age.

You see, your brain keeps growing in the temporal lobe and frontal lobe -- the parts of your brain that largely differentiates you from animals. This continued brain growth into middle-age can be associated with better emotional development and wisdom.

Your brain is actually very much like a muscle. That is, your brain's structure changes over time and it may be possible to "bulk up" your brain throughout much of adulthood. And continuing to stimulate and challenge your brain as you get older might promote its growth -- just as exercise builds muscle.

This means that the opposite also holds true; that drug use, poor nutrition or other assaults on your brain even in adulthood could interfere with your brain’s full development. But your brain is remarkably resilient and capable even of growing new cells to repair itself.

So even if you haven’t been leading the healthiest lifestyle so far, making some positive changes now may give your brain what it needs to reach its full potential.

How to Keep Your Brain Healthy: Nine Essential Tips

A healthy lifestyle can help protect, nourish, and revitalize your brain. This includes:

1. Taking omega-3 fats. The omega -3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) keep the dopamine levels in your brain high, increase neuronal growth in the frontal cortex of your brain, and increase cerebral circulation. Krill oil is an excellent source of omega-3, and may even be superior to fish oil.

2. Exercising. Exercise may encourage your brain to work at optimum capacity by causing nerve cells to multiply, strengthening their interconnections and protecting them from damage.

3. Sleeping well. It’s during sleep that your mental energy is restored, and a lack of sleep may cause your brain to stop producing new cells.

4. Eating healthy. Like the rest of your body, your brain depends on healthy foods to function. While protein is the main source of fuel for your brain, vitamins and minerals from fresh veggies are also important, as is limiting sugar.

5. Getting out into the sun. This will help you maintain optimal vitamin D levels. Scientists are now beginning to realize vitamin D is involved in maintaining the health of your brain, as they’ve recently discovered vitamin D receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and central nervous system.

There’s even evidence indicating vitamin D improves your brain’s detoxification process. For children and pregnant women, getting enough vitamin D is especially crucial, as it may play a major role in protecting infants' brains from autism.

6. Turning off the TV. Allowing children under the age of 3 to watch television can impair their linguistic and social development, and it can affect your brain chemistry as well.

7. Protecting your brain from cell phones. Recent studies have found that cell phone users are 240 percent more prone to brain tumors, and a study back in 2004 found that your risk of acoustic neuroma (a tumor on your auditory nerve) was nearly four times greater on the side of your head where your phone was most frequently held.

8. Challenging your brain. Mind-training exercises can keep your brain fit as you age. This can be something as simple as searching for famous people whose first names begin with the letter A, doing crossword puzzles or playing board games that get you thinking.

9. Avoiding foods that contain artificial sweeteners and additives. Substances such as aspartame (Nutrasweet) and MSG, which are common in processed foods, can damage your brain. For instance, consuming a lot of aspartame may inhibit the ability of enzymes in your brain to function normally, and high doses of the sweetener may lead to neurodegeneration.

You may notice that all of these things will help not only your brain but also your entire body. So being good to your brain means enjoying better health from head to toe!


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Comment on This Article Community Comments (63)
 
 
Posted On Jan 02, 2009
Does anyone else think that the statements, "At birth, your brain was almost the same size as an adult brain and contained most of the brain cells for your whole life" and "A newborn baby’s brain grows about three times its size in the first year" seem to contradict each other?

I'm so glad they dispelled that 10% myth! Aside from that extra kidney, I can't think of a single redundant body part. Why then would we have unused brain cells? Nope, the brain is an astonishingly complex organ and we use every cell we have!

Oh, and I'm a supertaster, at least when it comes to goat milk. Goat milk (and anything made with it) tastes to me like ronky buck smells. Most people insist they don't notice it.

 
Islander
Moderator User Moderator User, Joined On 3/2007
Islander  
Replied

Aaltrude
Moderator User Moderator User Joined On 4/2007
Aaltrude  
 
Posted On Jan 02, 2009
Yep, I noted that contradiction. It doesn't seem all that likely that the cells become three times their original size to account for the increased brain size. I am sure I have seen other articles on V V that indicate that our brains are capable of creating new brain cells throughout our lives.


seg
Savvy User Savvy User Joined On 11/2006
seg  
 
Posted On Jan 05, 2009
And the other thing Islander is the "weight" of the brain...

I happen to know some people with waaaay less, ahhh never mind....


zilbri
Novice User Novice User Joined On 1/2009
zilbri  
 
Posted On Jan 22, 2009

The article is confusing and self-contradictory, including it's being composed of 75% water and 60% fat,



Laura G.
Novice User Novice User Joined On 6/2008
Laura G.  
 
Posted On Jan 22, 2009

This whole article is flawed.  I agree, however, that synthetic chemicals can't be good for our brains...



Born2x
Apprentice User Apprentice User Joined On 3/2007
Born2x  
 
Posted On Jan 22, 2009

Funny. I was thinking the exact same thing when I read this article (i.e. all of the contradictions that are listed).  

It's also good, Islander, to read that someone else finds the taste of goal milk to be, well, disgusting. At least now I have something to attribute that too. I must be a supertaster (grin).



Wolfster
Novice User Novice User Joined On 2/2008
Wolfster  
 
Posted On Jan 22, 2009

Yes, and that 75% of your brain is water, while 60% is fat.  And that apparently the brain behind this piece couldn't do math...

I'm a supertaster too.  I use very little seasoning, can taste a hint of licorice in both stevia and ibuprofen, have to have my broccoli dead fresh and cooked just right so it's not bitter, can't drink goat milk no matter how fresh and unadulterated, and know well before anyone when a food is off.  I also wonder: are we also "supersmellers?"  Because I've gotten the name "Bloodhound" from several different people based on my ability to pick up a scent of something (a small rosemary plant, a pet stain, detergent, paint, etc) before anyone else, and often when they never do.  Based on my sensitivities to chemicals and allergens, I'm also a canary in the coal mine, so perhaps there is a very good evolutionary reason for my super-senses.



ntchapman
Novice User Novice User Joined On 11/2007
ntchapman  
 
Posted On Jan 23, 2009

I noticed that, AND I noticed that the brain is somehow 75 percent water AND up to at least 60 percent fat...both at the same time.  Hmmmm....

Two very strange contradictions...



Islander
Moderator User Moderator User Joined On 3/2007
Islander  
 
Posted On Jan 23, 2009

Wolfster, you must have noticed how closely taste and smell are related. I think we appreciate our food as much through smell as by taste on the tongue. We can't "taste" much of anything when we have a stuffy nose, right? And forget about enjoying a restaurant meal if you are sitting near a smoker (back when that was possible) or near anyone wearing fragrance!  



Sean Uisce
Apprentice User Apprentice User Joined On 11/2006
Sean Uisce  
 
Posted On Jan 24, 2009

Yes, I agree that the way things are written, the article contains some contradications.

However...

... if the author was on the one hand talking about 'volume' and then on the other hand talking about 'weight' it might be possible that the brain consists of 605 fat and 75% water. I'm not sure about the volumetric weight of the fat in the brain, but if it were considerably higher than the equivalent volume of water then it might just be possible that the physical 255 of the brain that is fat could make up 60% of the weight of the brain. I appreciate that this is a real stretch of the numbers, but am just demonstrating that it may be possible that the fat/water figures might not actually be contradictory.  But we can't ever know that as the author of the piece was not clear about their use of terms.

... and regarding the trebling of brain size in the first year seeming to contradict the brain being almost adult sized at birth. Well this could just be (yet again) poor authoring and a dreadful proof-reader.  However, (and again I'm stretching on this) they may have meant that the brain at birth contains almost as many neurons as the adult brain, but then the spaces between the nuerons expands by three times.  A long shot I admit but am just making the point that perhaps these "facts?" are not as mutually contradictory as first appears.

However, even if we assume my suggestions are accurate (and as explained I'm not entirely convinced they are!), the fact that the statements cause readers to think "now those two statements are mutually contradictory" suggests that either

- the author needs some serious help with their writing skills or

- the proof readers (if any!) were just checking for spelling and syntax - not meaning!



Jam Jos
Novice User Novice User Joined On 1/2007
Jam Jos  
 
Posted On Mar 11, 2009

they probably mean that the dry weight of the brain in 60% fat.

Anyway, Great Article!!


 
 
 
Posted On Jan 03, 2009
This piece is full of non-sense. For instance:
"Your brain is made up of about 75 percent water" and then "The human brain is the fattest organ in the body and may consists of at least 60 percent fat".
Or: "The old adage of humans only using 10% of their brain is not true. Every part of the brain has a known function." I've seen plenty of scans  where many parts of the brain did not get activated, with extremely limited blood flow and so forth. Those scans showing   "functionnal holes" are more and more commons...


 
SamVed
Savvy User Savvy User, Joined On 5/2007
SamVed  
Replied

Islander
Moderator User Moderator User Joined On 3/2007
Islander  
 
Posted On Jan 05, 2009
SamVed, I don't know about "functional holes" but I do know that not every area of the brain is activated all the time. When we are examining a painting, for instance, the visual areas will be active while the language areas are silent. Large portions of the brain are devoted to memory and may remain inactive much of the time, but they are functional. The prefrontal cortex is the last to develop, not reaching maturity until the early 20s, which explains why teens often exhibit poor judgment. In ten years we'll look back on what we know about the brain today and think, Wow, we were in the stone age!


Dekalb
Savvy User Savvy User Joined On 6/2006
Dekalb  
 
Posted On Jan 08, 2009
Most articles are written to either make money and/or justify someones job. Take it all with a grain of pink Himalayan salt.


proatc
Apprentice User Apprentice User Joined On 12/2006
proatc  
 
Posted On Jan 22, 2009

Just goes to prove that the Human Brain is STILL the least understood part of the Human Body.  Funny how limited to little, if any, research dollars don't go to actual research in this field.



DivineLight58
Novice User Novice User Joined On 8/2008
DivineLight58  
 
Posted On Jan 24, 2009

Floride can damage your brain.It can clog up the water in your brain so it does not move freely.In Germany during second world war floride was also used for brain control.


 
 
 
Posted On Jan 22, 2009

Not true! I CAN TICKLE MYSELF.  Why do people always say they can't?


 
Laura G.
Novice User Novice User, Joined On 6/2008
Laura G.  
 
 
 
Posted On Jan 23, 2009

All in all, it's a no brainer ;-))

This article has obviously been published to

a) check if the readers have any brains

b) check if they're using them


 
xenia
Novice User Novice User, Joined On 5/2007
xenia  
 
 
 
Posted On Jan 05, 2009
It's good to know the brain can make new neurons.

What happens when a person gets drunk and brain cells die?

Does anyone know?

 
PeaceBlessings
Apprentice User Apprentice User, Joined On 9/2006
PeaceBlessings  
Replied

Islander
Moderator User Moderator User Joined On 3/2007
Islander  
 
Posted On Jan 05, 2009
PeaceBlessings, let me take a shot at answering your question.

In any collection of organisms (say, a herd or a flock), it's always the weaker members who die first, right? Maybe they are diseased, or crippled, or old, and easy prey for wolves or coyotes. When the weakest die, that leaves the rest of the group stronger. Using that analogy, every time you get drunk, you lose your oldest, weakest brain cells, meaning the remainder will be even stronger. What's not to like about that? My advice? Crack another cold one and get smart!


Elphaba
Novice User Novice User Joined On 9/2008
Elphaba  
 
Posted On Jan 22, 2009

Hmmm, I wonder.  Obviously drinking more beer doesn't make you more intelligent though :)



asdfqwerty
Novice User Novice User Joined On 1/2009
asdfqwerty  
 
Posted On Jan 22, 2009

islander: that comment is ripped off from a cheers episode



Islander
Moderator User Moderator User Joined On 3/2007
Islander  
 
Posted On Jan 22, 2009

asdfqwerty, I agree it's not original; it's a paraphrase of an e-mail that stuck in my memory. I don't watch TV; I never saw an episode of "Cheers"; if you say that's where it came from, I sure won't argue. I thought it was funny and it just seemed to fit right there.

I've killed a few brain cells in my youth. Not sure if I'm better or worse for that.....


 
 
 
 
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