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Last year a report in The Lancet found higher rates
of certain cancers
among jet pilots and crew members. Now, the authors of
that study report that this increased cancer risk is due to
chromosome damage
caused by excessive exposure to ionizing radiation from the
sun.
The form of cancer found to be most increased among
the flight crews is acute myeloid leukemia,
which is very often fatal, with an average survival time of 3 to 4 years
following diagnosis. Even in patients who experience complete remission,
recurrence is common.
The disease develops rapidly, with symptoms including:
- Swelling of the lymph nodes
Immature leukemia cells continue to divide in the
bone marrow, which leads to rapid
death if left untreated. It affects granulocytes and monocytes,
white blood cells that destroy bacteria and some parasites.
In the current report, researchers note that they
found damage to chromosome 7 in 4 out of seven (57%) aircrew members with
the cancer, in comparison with only 81 of 761 cases (11%) of the cancer
among non-flight crew members.
The researchers conclude that "Our results
indicate that deletions or loss of the long arm of chromosome 7 in myelodysplasia
and acute myeloid leukemia could be an indicator of previous exposure
to ionizing radiation."
This is not the first time that radiation exposure
has been linked to leukemia. People in Japan, exposed to the nuclear bomb
radiation have been found to have higher rates as well.
The Lancet, December
23, 2000; 356
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