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The prestigious NEJM published a study that showed a dose of radiation
can help keep heart arteries wide and clear after artery-clearing angioplasty.
The benefits of the treatment were so dramatic in one study, the researchers
call for head-to-head trials comparing radiation to stents, the wire mesh
tubes that are now routinely used to keep arteries open after angioplasty.
About 30%
to 40% of heart disease patients who undergo angioplasty end
up with restenosis -- a reclosure of the clogged artery.
While stents can help prop the artery open, restenosis is still a risk.
Usually, the re-closure is due to the overgrowth of new cells in the artery,
which can be triggered by the angioplasty, a procedure in which a balloon-tipped
catheter is used to squash fatty plaque against artery walls.
Fortunately, the system used in the study is not approved
for use in the United States.
About 5% of patients in the radiation group experienced blood clots late
in the study, compared with less than 1% of patients in the placebo group.
This rise in blood clots was
linked to an increased rate of heart attacks, which was more than twice
as high in radiation-treated patients.
The study was funded by Cordis, the
New Jersey-based manufacturer of the technology.
Several of the researchers have served as consultants or received funding
from companies involved in the development of radiotherapy.
The New England Journal of Medicine
2001;344:243-256, 295-299
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