Endnotes:
19. "New Focus on Trans Fatty Acids," Food Processing, December 1982, pp. 64-66
20. Hunter, E. J., "More on Those Trans Fatty Acids", Food Processing, May 1983, pp. 35-36
21. Ratnayake, W. M. N. et al., "Fatty Acids in Some Common Food Items in Canada", J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 12(6):651-660, 1993
22. Enig, M. G. et al., "Fatty Acid Composition of the Fat in Selected Food Items with Emphasis on Trans Components", J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 60(10):1788-1795, 1983
23. Hunter, J. E., Letter to the Editor, Science 224:659, 1984
24. Elson, C. E. et al., "The Influence of Dietary Unsaturated Cis and Trans and Saturated Fatty Acids on Tissue Lipids of Swine", Atherosclerosis 40:115-137, 1981
25. Senti, F. R. (ed.), Health Aspects of Dietary Trans Fatty Acids, Life Sciences Research Office (LSRO)/Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. (FASEB), Bethesda, MD, USA, 1985
26. Hunter, J. E. and T. Applewhite, "Isomeric Fatty Acids in the US Diet: Levels and Health Perspectives", Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 44:707-717, 1986
27. Ace Federal Reporter, Inc., Stenotype Reporters, 444 North Capitol Street, Suite 402, Washington, DC 20001, USA, tel (202) 347 3700
28. Food Chemical News 29(47):52, January 25, 1988;
Nutrition Week, Community Nutrition Institute (CNI), June 16, 1988, p. 6
29. Smith, R. and E. R. Pinckney, Diet, Blood Cholesterol and Coronary Heart Disease: A Critical Review of the Literature, Vector Enterprises, Sherman Oaks, CA, USA, 1991, vol. 2
30. Castelli, William, "Concerning the Possibility of a Nut...", Archives of Internal Medicine 152(7):1371-1372, July 1992
31. "Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial: Risk Factor Changes and Mortality Results", JAMA 248(12):1465, September 24, 1982
32. Mattson, F. H. et al., "Effect of Dietary Cholesterol on Serum Cholesterol in Men", Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 25:589, 1972
33. Addis, P., Food and Nutrition News 62(2):7-10, March/April 1990
34. "The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial Results: I. Reduction in Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease", JAMA 251:359, 1984
35. Grundy, S. M., "Cholesterol and Coronary Heart Disease: A New Era", JAMA 256(20):2849-2858, November 28, 1986
36. Letters to the Editor and Authors' Responses, J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 10(5):510-521, 1991
37. Hunter, E. J. and T. H. Applewhite, "Reassessment of Trans Fatty Acid Availability in the US Diet", Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 54:363-369, 1991
38. Kummerow, F. A., "Nutritional Effects of Isomeric Fats: Their Possible Influence on Cell Metabolism or Cell Structure", Dietary Fats and Health (E. G. Perkins and W. J. Visek, eds), The American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, IL, USA, 1983, pp. 391-402;
Kummerow, F. A., "Nutritional Aspects of Isomeric Fats", Lipids in Modern Nutrition (M. Horisberger and U. Bracco, eds), Nestlé Nutrition, Vevey/Raven Press, New York, 1987
39. Mann, G. V. et al., "Atherosclerosis in the Maasai", Am. J. Epidemiol. 95:6-37, 1972
40. Mann, George V. (ed.), Coronary Heart Disease: The Dietary Sense and Nonsense, Veritas Society, London, UK, 1993, p. 1
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42. Felton, C. V. et al., "Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Composition of Human Aortic Plaques", Lancet 344:1195, 1994
43. Kritchevsky, D., Medical Counterpoint, March 1969
44. Teter, B. B. et al., "Milk Fat Depression in C57B1/6J Mice Consuming Partially Hydrogenated Fat", Journal of Nutrition 120:818-824, 1990;
Barnard et al., "Dietary Trans Fatty Acids Modulate Erythrocyte Membrane Fatty Acid Composition and Insulin Binding in Monkeys", J. of Nutritional Biochemistry 1:190-195, 1990
45. Hanis, T. et al., "Effects of Dietary Trans Fatty Acids on Reproductive Performance of Wistar Rats", British Journal of Nutrition 61:519-529, 1989
46. Koletzko, B. and J. Muller, "Cis- and Trans- Isomeric Fatty Acids in Plasma Lipids of Newborn Infants and Their Mothers", Biology of the Neonate 57:172-178, 1990
47. Horrobin, D., "The Regulation of Prostaglandin Biosynthesis by Manipulation of Essential Fatty Acid Metabolism", Reviews in Pure and Applied Pharmacological Sciences 4:339-383, 1983
48. Mann, G. V., "Metabolic Consequences of Dietary Trans Fatty Acids", Lancet 343:1268-1271, 1994
49. Kohlmeier, L. et al., "Stores of Trans Fatty Acids and Breast Cancer Risk", Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 61:896, A25, 1995
50. Mensink, R. P. and M. Katan, "Effect of Dietary Trans Fatty Acids on High-Density and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Healthy Subjects", N. Eng. J. Med. 323:439-445, 1990
51. Enig, M. G. et al., "Isomeric Trans Fatty Acids in the US Diet", J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 9:471-486, 1990
52. Willett, W. C. et al., "Consumption of Trans-Fatty Acids in Relation to Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Women", Society for Epidemiology Research, Annual Meeting, June 1992, Abstract 249
53. Willett, W. C. et al., "Intake of Trans Fatty Acids and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Women", Lancet 341:581-585, 1993
54. Kabara, J. J., The Pharmacological Effects of Lipids (J. J. Kabara, ed.), The American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), Champaign, IL, USA, 1978, pp. 1-14;
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55. Watkins, B. A. et al., "Importance of Vitamin E in Bone Formation and in Chrondocyte Function", AOCS Proceedings, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN, USA, 1996;
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56. Mead, J. F. et al., Lipids: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Plenum Press, New York, 1986
57. Nanji, A. A. et al., Gastroenterology 109(2):547-54, August 1995;
Cha, Y. S. and D. S. Sachan, J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 13(4):338-43, August 1994
58. Garg, M. L. et al., The FASEB Journal 2(4), A852, 1988;
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59. Lawson, L. D. and F. Kummerow, "B-Oxidation of the Coenzyme A Esters of Vaccenic, Elaidic and Petroselaidic Acids by Rat Heart Mitochondria", Lipids 14:501-503, 1979
60. Cranton, E. M. and J. P. Frackelton, "Free Radical Pathology in Age-Associated Diseases: Treatment with EDTA Chelation, Nutrition and Antioxidants", Journal of Holistic Medicine, Spring/Summer 1984, pp. 6-37
61. Engelberg, H., "Low Serum Cholesterol and Suicide", Lancet 339:727-728, March 21, 1992
62. Alfin-Slater, R. B. and L. Aftergood, "Lipids", Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease (R. S. Goodhart and M. E. Shils, eds), Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, USA, 1980, 6th ed., p. 134
63. Gurr, M., "A Fresh Look at Dietary Recommendations", Inform 7(4):432-435, April 1996
64. AIN/ASCN Task Force on Trans Fatty Acids, "Position Paper on Trans Fatty Acids", Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 63:663-670, 1996
65. Lemmon, R. M., D. Kritchevsky et al., "The Effect of Delta-7-Cholesterol Feeding on the Cholesterol and Lipoproteins of Rabbit Serum", Archives of Biochemistry & Biophysics (NY) 51(1):1161-9, July 1954;
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66. Olson, R. E., "Evolution of Ideas about the Nutritional Value of Dietary Fat: Introduction", J. Nutr. 128:421S-425S, 1998
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