|
By
Mohammed Ali Al-Bayati, Ph.D., DABT, DABVT
Introduction
Review of the literature of the causes
and the pathogenesis of AIDS worldwide revealed that approximately
90% of AIDS cases in the USA and Europe are observed in homosexual
men and drug users.
The regular uses of alcohol, heroin, cocaine,
amphetamines, and alkyl nitrite cause chronic
health problems of the nervous system, respiratory
system, cardiovascular system, kidneys and other tissues in
these individuals.
The majority of these health problems
are usually diagnosed as idiopathic currently, and treated
with high doses of glucocorticoids and/or cytotoxic drugs.
In addition, as a group, homosexual men are heavier users
of illicit drugs, alcohol, and rectal glucocorticoids than
their heterosexual counterparts.
The HIV-hypothesis states that HIV causes
AIDS by killing the CD4+ T cells directly or indirectly after
long incubation times (about 10 years), and the number of
these cells will reach very low levels (<300/ µL)
which lead to severe immune deficiency.
Patients with severe immune deficiency
(CD4+ T cells < 200/µL) usually suffer from opportunistic
infections (viral, bacterial, fungal, yeast, and/or parasitic)
and certain forms of cancer such Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and
lymphoma.
It follows that treatment of patients
with antiviral drugs, such as inhibitors of reverse transcriptase
(AZT) or protease, is believed to delay the progression of
AIDS by preventing HIV replication in the cells.
However, the treatment of a patient with
prednisone at 60 mg per day for about three months can
actually cause AIDS. This treatment and doses often
given to patients suffering from lung fibrosis, thrombocytopenia,
or other chemically induced chronic illnesses.
The majority of AIDS patients who participated
in the four major Zidovudine (AZT) clinical trials in the
US between 1987-1992 were HIV-negative prior to their treatment
with AZT. Briefly, a total of 2,349 patients participated
in these studies, and at least 77% of them were HIV-negative
prior to their treatment with AZT.
The reversal of damage in the immune system
in HIV-positive patients following the cessation of the insulting
agents and the reporting of large number of HIV-negative AIDS
patients, combined with the wide use of immunosuppressive
agents in modern medicinal practice, motivated me to review
the medical literature to evaluate the validity of the HIV-hypothesis
and the contribution of the illicit drugs, alcohol, therapeutic
agents, and malnutrition to the pathogenesis of AIDS worldwide.
Duesberg stated that HIV
is harmless virus and AIDS in homosexual men and
drug users in the industrial countries is
caused by the heavy use of illicit drugs. He also
stated that AIDS in hemophiliacs is caused by foreign-protein
contaminating commercial clotting factor VIII and not
by the HIV.
The correct approach for investigating
AIDS causes or pathogenesis of any other complicated chronic
medical problem is by evaluating all medical evidence concerning
each risk group. Namely, a differential diagnosis that considers
both infectious and noninfectious causes of diseased should
be performed.
I used differential diagnosis in this
case and it indicated that HIV is not the cause of AIDS. It
also indicated that the use of illicit drugs alone or the
use of antihemophilic factors does not cause AIDS.
AIDS is caused by the heavy use of corticosteroids
and/or cytotoxic drugs to treat many health problems resulted
from the use of illicit
drugs by drug users and homosexuals.
The appearance of AIDS cases in the USA
in 1978 coincided with approval of corticosteroids aerosol
by the US FDA in 1976. In addition, homosexual men are usually
heavy user of rectal glucocorticoids.
AIDS in hemophiliacs is caused by the
use of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs to
prevent the formation of antibodies for factors VIII and IX
and to treat other health problems.
Causes and
Pathogenesis of AIDS In Drug Users and Homosexuals
In the USA, the total cases of AIDS in
adults was 573,800 as of January 1, 1997 and about 90%
of these cases were male homosexuals and heterosexuals
and homosexual drug users.
The appearance of AIDS in the USA and
Europe in drug users and homosexuals in the late 1970's and
early 1980's coincided with the synergistic actions of several
events.
Briefly, these include the
spread of illicit drug use, especially smoking
crack cocaine and heroin in 1970's, the approval of glucocorticoids
aerosol by the US FDA in 1976, the wide use of the glucocorticoid
inhalers to treat chronic respiratory illnesses resulting
from inhaling cocaine and heroin, the wide use of alkyl nitrites
by homosexuals to facilitate anal sex in 1970's, and the wide
use of corticosteroids to treat chronic gastrointestinal tract
illness in homosexuals.
Furthermore, the approval
of antiviral drugs (AZT and protease inhibitors)
and the steroids by the U.S. FDA to treat patients with AIDS
and asymptomatic patients infected with HIV has exacerbated
the problem.
In addition to illicit drug and alcohol
abuse, homosexuals are also heavy users of alkyl nitrites
that relax the anal muscle and facilitate anal sex. It has
been stated that the use of alkyl nitrites permeated the gay
life by 1977.
Homosexuals usually suffer from acute
and chronic rectal and gastrointestinal diseases that dictate
the heavy therapeutic use of rectal steroids. Among 7 selected
studies that included 736 patients (97% of them were homosexual
or bisexual men) who were infected with HIV and/or had AIDS.
They show clearly that homosexual men
suffer from extensive rectal and gastrointestinal problems
that result in chronic use of therapeutic rectal steroids.
Review of the medical literature revealed
that the short and the long term use
of glucocorticoids at therapeutic doses, resulted
in a variety of effects on the immune system that range from
a transient reduction in T cells count in peripheral blood
to the development of full blown AIDS.
Fauci described in detail the effects
of corticosteroids on the immune system. These effects resemble
the immune abnormalities that are found in patients suffering
from AIDS or Idiopathic CD4 T cells lymphocytopnea (ICL) which
are also described by Fauci et al.
Since the defect with corticosteroids
is broad, it is not surprising that many types of infections
seem to occur more often in patients treated with corticosteroids.
Of the bacterial infections, staphylococcal and Gram-negative
infections, as well as tuberculosis and Listeria infections,
probably occur most often.
Certain types of viral, fungal, and parasitic
infections also occur often. Patients with lupus erythematous,
rheumatoid arthritis, and renal transplant have more infection
with steroid administration. Studies of bronchial aerosols
showed that with higher doses of steroid in the aerosol, Candida
infections of the larynx and pharynx occurred more often".
Causes and
Pathogenesis of AIDS In Infants and Children In USA and Europe
The prevalence of drug and alcohol abuse
during pregnancy is very high both in the USA and Europe.
The results of nine large studies surveying the prevalence
of drug use in relation to the outcome of pregnancy in the
USA showed that up to 15% of pregnant women used cocaine during
pregnancy based on a positive urine test.
The impact of illicit drug and alcohol
abuse during pregnancy on infant health is very serious as
shown in nine studies that included 1,295 drug using mothers
and 4,293 nonusers.
The use of cocaine during pregnancy was
usually associated with a high prevalence of premature births
and low birth weights. Drug exposed infants usually had immature
lung profiles and other serious
health problems that were treated with glucocorticoids.
Fauci also explained the serious impact
of illicit drugs on the pregnant mothers and her infants.
They stated that "women who abuse cocaine have reported
major derangement in menstrual cycle function, including galactorrhea,
amenorrhea, and infertility.
Chronic cocaine abuse may cause persistent
hyperprolactinemia as a consequence of cocaine-induced disorders
of dopaminergic regulation of prolactin secretion by the pituitary.
Cocaine abuse, particularly the smoking of crack by pregnant
women, has been implicated as causing an increased risk of
congenital malformations and of prenatal cardiovascular diseases
in the infants.
Cocaine abuse per se is probably not the
sole reason for these prenatal disorders since many problems
associated with maternal cocaine abuse, including poor nutrition
and health care status as well as polydrug abuse, also contribute
to the risk of prenatal diseases".
The treatment of the mother expected to
have a premature birth with glucocorticoids has been used
as a standard procedure
since 1970s. Glucocorticoids are used to facilitate
the development of the lung and to reduce the incidence of
necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infant. In addition,
the natural cortisol levels in plasma and urine of the cocaine-exposed
preterm neonates is significantly higher than in normal infants.
Discussion
The proponents of the HIV-hypothesis
must be aware of the impact of illicit drug and alcohol abuse
on health. However, they choose to discount the AIDS connection.
Fauci stated, "a markedly higher age-specific mortality
rate among injection drug users in the general population
was documented even before the epidemic of infection with
HIV and AIDS.
For example, in New York City between
1965 and 1972, the death rate among relatively young (20 to
54-year-olds) adult heroin addicts not involved in drug-treatment
programs was estimated to be five
times greater than that among age-matched non-heroin-addicted
adults.
The list of health problems induced by
drug and alcohol abuse
and those resulting from practicing receptive anal sex that
required treatment with
steroid is extensive. The chronic use of high doses
of steroid (40-60 mg per day for several months) can
cause AIDS as described in this report.
As also stated above, the chronic use
of rectal steroid reduced the CD4+ T cells in HIV positive
homosexuals. Suppose that a homosexual man has a 1000 CD4+
T cells/µL prior to using rectal steroids to treat the
wide range of chronic health problems.
Alpha lipoic acid is a powerful antioxidant
that has been used to prevent injury caused by chemicals in
vivo and in vitro and injuries in diabetic patients for the
last two decades. It has been used in Europe to reverse peripheral
neuropathy in diabetic patients and has been shown to be effective
and safe in several clinical trials.
This drug is very effective in preventing
and reversing injuries resulting from metabolic changes and/or
exposure to chemicals that induce lipid peroxidation. This
medication should be given to people with AIDS to help boost
the immune system and to heal tissue injury.
The medical evidence describing the effect
of malnutrition on lymphoid tissues is extensive (Fauci et
al., 1998). Fauci et al. (1998) also described the health
problems in hemophilia patients, such as the formation of
inhibitors for factors VIII and XI, the joint problems, and
the use of immunosuppressive agent in the treatment regimen
of these patients.
Yet, they seem to ignore all these facts
and claim that the problems in these patients is caused by
HIV which leads to the treatment
of these very sick people with extremely toxic drugs
(AZT and protease inhibitors).
AIDS patients have been treated with antiviral
medications based on the assumption that the HIV causes AIDS.
However, decreasing the plasma viral load
does not restore the immune system. The thymus and the lymphoid
tissues have very high rates of regeneration. A 50% destruction
of the thymus by a chemical agent was restored within 10 days
after cessation of exposure. If the cause of AIDS is HIV and
the antiviral drugs are reducing the viral load, then the
patients would recover within days.
Furthermore, according to the clinical
trial results of the major four studies on the AZT conducted
in the USA between 1987-1992, at
least 77% of the
patients were HIV-negative prior to their treatment
with AZT.
However, it has been claimed that AZT
prolonged lives. The antiviral medications and the glucocorticoids
not only fail to cure AIDS but they cause severe damage to
sick people. The proponents of the HIV hypothesis failed to
anticipate this disaster.
The logical steps that should be taken
to prevent AIDS and to cure people with AIDS are:
- Prevent the causes of AIDS by educating
the public about the toxic effects of the illicit
drugs and alcohol
- Limit the
use of glucocorticoids in
the treatment of chronic conditions and in the treatment
of people with AIDS
- Monitor
the levels of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in the blood
of patients who are receiving medium or high therapeutic
doses of glucocorticoids for significant times
- Discontinue
the treatment of patients with AIDS and asymptomatic HIV-positive
patients with AZT
and protease inhibitors immediately since these are very
toxic medications
- Provide
proper clinical support and
nutrition to patients with AIDS based on their medical needs
This is a yet to be published paper
by Dr. Al-Bayati of Toxi-Health
International.
Mohammed Ali Al-Bayati, PH.D, DABT, DABVT
Toxi-Health International
150 Bloom Dr.
Dixon, CA 95620
Phone: (707) 678-4484
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Dr. Al-Bayati received his Ph.D. from
the University of California Davis in Comparative Pathology
and is a board certified toxicologist (American Board of Toxicology
and American Board of Veterinary Toxicology). With over 20
years of experience in research, teaching, diagnostic work
and consulting, Dr. Al-Bayati has extensive expertise in evaluating
data from observational and experimental studies in humans
and animals and applying this knowledge effectively to real-life
situations.
Dr. Al-Bayati firmly believes that a
correct appraisal of information from animal and human exposure
events is essential to arrive at a proper understanding of
the nature and extent of the injury and in the search for
the correct treatment. Consequently, he has also served as
an expert witness in cases related to exposure of humans and
animals to toxic agents.
References
Al-Bayati, M.A. , 1999. Get
All The Facts: HIV does not Cause AIDS. Toxi-health International,
Dixon, California, USA.
Al-Bayati, M.A., Culbertson,
R.M., Schreider, J.P., Rosenblatt, L.S., and Raabe, O.G.,
1992. The Lymphotoxic Action of Vanadate. Journal of Environmental
Toxicology and Oncology, 11(2):19-27.
Aref, G.H., Abdel-Aziz, A.,
Elaraby, I.I., Abdel-Moneim, M.A., Hebeishy, N.A., and Rahmy,A.I.,
1982. A post-mortem study of the thymolymphatic system in
protein energy malnutrition. J Trop Med Hyg 85 (3):109-14.
Baltimore, D. and Feinberg,
M.B., 1989. HIV revealed: Toward a natural history of infection.
The New England Journal of Medicine. 321(24), 1673-4.
Booth W., 1988. A rebel without
a cause of AIDS. Science 239(4847):1485-1488.
Chevalier, P., Sevilla, R.,
Sejas, E., zalles, L., Belmonte, G., and Parent, G., 1998.
Immune recovery of malnourished children takes longer than
nutritional recovery: implications for treatment and discharge.
J. Trop Perdiatr 44(5):304-7.
Cohen, J., 1994. Could drugs,
rather than a virus, be the cause of AIDS? Science 266(5191),
1648-9.
Duesberg, P.H., 1992a. AIDS
Acquired by drug consumption and other noncontagious Risk
Factors. Pharmac.Ther.
Vol.55, 201-277.
Duesberg, P.H., 1992b. The
role of drugs in the origin of AIDS. Biomed Pharmacother 46(1):3-15.
Duesberg PH, 1995. Foreign-protein-mediated
immunodeficiency in hemophiliacs with and without HIV. Genetica
95(1-3):51-70
Drut, R., Anderson, V., Greco,
M.A., Gutierrez, C., de Leon-Bojorge, B., Menezes, D., Peruga,
A., Quijano, G., Ridaura, C., Siminovich, M., Mayoral, P.V.,
and Weissenbacher, M., 1997. Opportunistic infections in pediatric
HIV infection: a study of 74 autopsy cases from Latin America.
The Latin American AIDS pathology study group. Pediatr Pathol
Lab Med 17(4):569-76.
Fakhir, S., Ahmad, P., Faridi,
M.A., and Rattan, A., 1989. Cell-Mediated immune responses
in malnourished host. J. Trop. Pediatr. 35(4):175-8.
Fauci, A.S., 1975. Mechanisms
of Corticosteroid Action on lymphocyte Subpopulations I. Redistribution
of circulating T and B lymphocytes to the bone marrow. Immunology
28: 669-679.
Fauci, A.S., Dale, D.C., and
Balow, J.E., 1976. Glucocorticosteroid therapy: Mechanisms
of Action and Clinical Considerations. Annals of Internal
Medicine 84: 304-15.
Fauci A.S., Braunwald, E.,
Isslbacher, K.J., Wilson, J.D., Martin, J.B., Kasper, D.L.,
Hauser, S.L., and Longo, D.L.., 1998. Harrison's Principles
of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York
USA, ed. 14.
Fawzi, W.W., Msamanga, G.I.,
Spiegelman, D., Urassa, E. J. N., McGrath, N., Mwakagile,
D., Antelman, G., Mbise, R., Herreta G., Kapiga, Willett,
W., and Hunter, J.D., 1998. Randomized trial effects of vitamin
supplements on pregnancy outcomes and T cell counts in HIV-1-infected
women in Tanzania. The Lancet 351:1447-1482.
Fischl, M.A., Richman, D.D.,
Grieco, M.H., Gottleb, M.S., Volberding, P.A., Laskin., O.L.,
Leedmo, J.M., Groopman, J.E, Mildvan, D., Schooley, R.T.,
Jackson, G.G., Durack, D.T., Phil, D., and King, D., 1987.
The efficacy of Azidothymmidine (AZT) in the treatment of
patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. A double-blind,
Placebo-Controlled Trial. The New England Journal of Medicine.
Volume 317, number 4 (185-191).
Fischl, M.A., Parker, C.B.,
Pettinelli, C., Wulfsohn, M., Hirsh, M.S., Collier, A.C.,
Antoniskis, D., Ho, M., Richman, D.D., Fuchs, E., Merigan,
T.C., Reichman, R.C., Gold, J., Stelgbigel, N., leoung, G.S.,
Rasheed, S., and Tsiatis, A., 1990. A randomized controlled
trial of a reduced daily dose of zidovudine in patients with
the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The New England Journal
of Medicine. Volume 323, number 15 (1009-14).
Gallo, R.C., 1987. The AIDS
Virus. Scientific America. 256:46-56.
Gernaat, H.B., Dechering.
W.H., and Voorhoeve, H.W., 1998. Mortality in severe protein-energy
malnutrition at Nchelenge Zambia. J Trop. Pediatr. 44(4):211-7.
Hamilton, J.D., Hartigan, P.M.,
Simberkoff, M.S., Day, P.L., Diamond, G.R., Dickinson, G.M.,
Drusano, G.L., Egorin, M.L., George, W.L., Gordin, F.M., Hawkes,
C.A., Jensen, P.C., Klimas, N.G., Labriola, A.M., Lahart,
C.J., O'Brien, W.A., Oster, C.N., Weinhold, K.J., Wray, N.P.,
and Zolla-Pazner, S.B., 1992. A controlled trial of early
versus late treatment with Zidovudine in symptomatic human
immunodeficiency virus infection. New England Journal of Medicine
326 (7):437-443.
Hoxie, J.A., Haggarty, B.S.,
Rackowski, J.L., Pillsury, N., and Levy, J.A., 1985. Persistent
Noncytopathic Infection of Normal Human T lymphocytes with
AIDS-Associated Retrovirus. Science 229(4720):1400.
Laditan, A.A., 1983. Hormonal
changes in severely malnourished children. Afr. J Med Med
Sci 12(3-4):125-32.
Membreno, L., Irony, I., Dere,
W., Klein, R., Biglieri, E.G., and Cobb, E., 1987. Adrenocortical
function in acquired immnodeficiency syndrome. J. Clin. Endocrinol.
Metab. 65 (3):482-7.
Muro-Cacho, C. A., Pantaleo,
G., and Fauci, A.S., 1995. Analysis of apoptosis in lymph
nodes of HIV-infected persons. Intensity of apoptosis correlates
with the general state of activation of the lymphoid tissue
and not with stage of disease or viral burden. J. Immunol
154 (10):5555-66.
Parent, G., Chevalier, P.,
Zalles, L., Sevilla, R., Bustos, M., Dhenin, J.M., and Jambson,
B., 1994. In vitro lymphocyte-differentiating effects of thymulin
(Zn-FTS) on lymphocyte subpopulation of severely malnourished
children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 60(2):274-8.
Piedrola, G., Casado, J.L.,
Lopez, E., Moreno, A., Perez-Elias, M.J., and Garcia-Robles,
R., 1996. Clinical features of adrenal insufficiency in patients
with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clin. Endocrinol
45 (1):97-101.
Schonland, M., 1972. Depression
of immunity in protein-calorie malnutrition: a post-mortem
study. J. Trop Pediatr Environ Child Health 18(3):217-24.
Schonland, M.M., Shanley,
B.C., Loening, W.E., Parent, M.A., and Coovadia, H.M., 1972.
Plasma-cortisol and immuosuppression in protein-calorie malnutrition.
Lancet 2 (7774):435-6.
Schottstaedt, M.W., Hurd,
E.R., and Stone, M.J., 1987. Kaposi's sarcoma in rheumatoid
arthritis. Am J Med 82(5):1021-6.
Sharpstone, D.R., Duggal,
A., and Gazzard, B.G., 1996. Inflammatory bowel disease in
individuals seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus.
Eur. J. Gastroentrol. Hepatol 8(6):575-8.
Sheikh, M.M., Ansari, Z., Ahmad,
P., and Tyagi, S.P., 1981. Tuberculous lymphadenopathy in
children. Indian Pediatrics, Volume 18: 293-297).
Sibanda, E.N., and Stanczuk,
G., 1993. Lymph node pathology in Zimbabwe: a review of 2194
specimens. Q. J. Med. 1993; 86(12):811-7.
Volberding, P.A., Lagakos,
S.W., Koch, M.A., Pettinelli, C., Myers, M.W., Booth, D.K.,
Balfour, H.H., Reichman, R.C., Bartlett, J.A., Hirsch, M.S.,
Murphy, R.L., Hardy, D., Soeiro, R. , Fischl, M.A., Bartlett,
D.D., Merigan, T.C., Hyslop, N.E., Richman, D.D., and Lawarence,
C., 1990. Zidovudine in asymptomatic human. immunodeficiency
virus infection: A controlled trial in persons with fewer
than 500 CD4+positive cells per cubic millimeter. The New
England Journal of Medicine. Volume 322 (14):941-949.
Woodruff, J.F., 1972. Thymolymphatic
deficiency and depression of cell-mediated immunity in protein-calorie
malnutrition. Lancet 1(7741):92-3.
Zeng, B., Qian, Y., Zheng,
D., Wu, K., Zhou, M., and Gong, Q., 1991. Change of T lymphocyte
subsets in peripheral blood of children with malnutrition
and zinc deficiency. Hua His. I Ko. Ta. Hsueh Pao 22(3):337-9.
|