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Stress symptoms soared for millions of
Americans who watched televised broadcasts of the September
11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, even
among those who lived far from where the attacks took place,
according to the results of a survey.
The survey, from RAND, a research institute
in Santa Monica, California, showed that of the 560 American
adults interviewed, 44% reported one or more substantial symptoms
of stress 3 to 5 days after the attack. Ninety
percent reported experiencing at least some degree of stress.
Many people were experiencing stress
at a substantial level. Those interviewed reported difficulty
concentrating, repeated disturbing thoughts about the tragedy,
irritability and trouble falling asleep.
Adults watched an average of 8.1 hours
of television coverage of the attacks, the survey revealed,
and those who watched more than the average were more likely
to report symptoms of stress.
One finding of particular interest was
that people all over the United States -- both in large cities
and small communities -- were reacting to this event in a
similar fashion.
Americans viewed this not just as an
event happening in New York or Washington, but as an
attack on America and themselves. Children were
not spared symptoms of stress, the survey found. Nearly half
of all children were worried about their own safety or the
safety of loved ones and 35% had one or more stress symptoms
such as sleeplessness, irritability and inability to concentrate.
Children watched, on average, about 3
hours of television coverage on September 11. Eighty-four
percent of parents said that they or another adult discussed
the attacks for one hour or more with children and 34% reported
that they restricted their children's television viewing.
Americans seemed to use similar coping
mechanisms to deal with their stress. The pollsters report
that 98% said they talked
at length about the events with others, 90%
turned to religion, 60% participated in group activities
such as vigils or discussions, and 36% donated clothes, money
or blood.
Overall, the findings underscore the
fact that even people far away from a catastrophe can experience
high levels of stress, Schuster pointed out.
The
New England Journal of Medicine 2001;345:1507-1512
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