It has been estimated 3 million to 4 million cancer cases worldwide could be prevented each year through healthy eating and lifestyle changes. A prime example: Colon cancer.
Colon cancer is the third most common cancer among men and women. And while many risk factors boost the chance of developing this disease, high intake of red meat may be a major contributor. (Researchers have defined high intake of meat, including beef, veal, pork, sausages and bologna, as three or more ounces a day for men and two or more ounces a day for women.)
Researchers asked nearly 150,000 adults between the ages of 50 and 74 to provide information regarding personal meat consumption in 1982, and again in 1992 or 1993. Findings showed that the median intake of red meat was just over 2 ounces a day for men and 1.4 ounces a day for women. Also, the heaviest consumers among men ate 10 times as much red meat than those who ate the least, while the heaviest consumers among women ate 17 times as much.
It was also concluded:
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Those who ate the equivalent of a hamburger a day were about 30 percent to 40 percent more likely to develop colon cancer than those who ate less than half that amount
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The risk of colon cancer increased by 50 percent with long-term consumption of high amounts of processed meats such as hot dogs
Though it was not investigated why large amounts of red and processed meats seemed to increase colon cancer risk, two possible theories suggest:
- Cooking meat at high temperatures can lead to the creation of mutagens, which can damage DNA
- High iron content in red meat produces free radicals, which can also damage DNA
Journal of the American Medical Association January 12, 2005;293(2):172-182
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