From fatigue to numbness to difficulties with movement, speech and memory, multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating disease. Patients suffering from this health condition experience a relapse-remitting pattern of deterioration periods followed by partial recovery.
Based on studies, researchers believe a major factor in how MS develops is abnormal hormone levels. This belief stems in part from the fact the disease affects twice as many women as it does men, and is significantly less active during pregnancy.
To gain a deeper understanding of the role hormones play in the development of MS, researchers analyzed the hormone levels of 25 men and 35 women with MS, along with 36 people without the disease. Participants with MS were given magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans to locate the areas of tissue damage and inflammation as a result of the disease; women participating in the study were tested during both phases of their menstrual cycle.
Multiple Findings
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Women with MS had lower levels of the male hormone testosterone during their monthly cycle, compared to women without the disease.
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More brain tissue damage was found in women with low testosterone levels.
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Women with MS who had relatively high levels of testosterone were more likely to show signs of permanent tissue damage, linked with disability -- most likely seen in the remitting stage when tissue is not inflamed.
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There was no difference in testosterone levels between men with or without the disease.
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Men with MS who had the highest levels of the female hormone estradiol were discovered to have the highest degree of brain tissue damage.
Though these findings have shed light on the concept of abnormal hormone levels and the development of MS, further investigation is still required.
BBC News January 17, 2005
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry February 2005;76(2):272-275
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