Several studies have found that maintaining a healthy balance between
omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids (two types of polyunsaturated fatty
acids) is crucial to preventing chronic diseases such as heart disease,
diabetes and cancer. However, one study
revealed that a higher ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids was
linked to lower bone density at the hip in both older men and women
-- a condition that could lead to osteoporosis.
Researchers collected dietary data through a self-administered
questionnaire from some 1,500 men and women, aged 45-90. Information
on smoking habits, alcohol intake, exercise frequency, reproductive
history, and use of vitamins, thyroid hormones, steroids, and estrogen
was also obtained through standard questionnaires. Baseline bone
mineral density (BMD) was measured and researchers found that:
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Foods containing omega-6 fats were responsible for lower BMD
in the hip bones of older men and in women whether or not they
took hormone therapy.
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Omega-6 to omega-3 ratios was inversely associated with BMD
at the hip bones of women whether they took hormone therapy
or not.
Higher Omega-6 to Omega-3 Ratio
The increased consumption of omega-6 fatty acids (through amplified
intake of corn, sunflower and sesame oils) is due to modern agricultural
practices and changes in food processing.
Additionally, the intake of omega-3 fatty acids has decreased in
light of the reduced consumption of cold-water fish, changes in
animal production practices and loss of cereal germ in processed
grain. Together, these changes are responsible for a higher omega-6
to omega-3 ratio.
American
Journal of Clinical Nutrition April 2005;81(4):934-938