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July 21 2004
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Flax Seed Oil Actually Increases Prostate Cancer While Fish Oil Decreases It

 

A recent study of about 47,000 men has found the ALA omega-3 fatty acids stimulate the growth of prostate tumors in men. Of the men monitored over 14 years, some 3,000 struggled with prostate cancer and about one in seven were suffering from the advanced stages of the disease.

Researchers found men who were suffering from advanced prostate cancer had higher quantities of ALA from non-animal as well as meat and dairy sources.

Scientists also found EPA and DHA could reduce the risk of total and advanced prostate cancer too. How does EPA and DHA work to prevent prostate cancer? Researchers offered these possibilities:

  • modification of membrane phospholipid composition
  • alteration of cell signaling and receptor activity
  • lipid peroxidation
  • cyclooxygenase inhibition
  • cytokine production
  • interference with androgen activity

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition July 2004 80(1);204-216



Dr. MercolaDr. Mercola's Comments:

Most anyone interested in nutrition has heard that omega-3 fats reduce the rate of cancer. Many early adopters of this information applied this to the plant-based sources of omega-3 (ALA). One of the highest sources of ALA is in flax seeds so flax seed oil in the '90s had gained widespread attention in the health community as an important source of nutrition. Ten years ago I was certainly caught up in that hype and had many of my patients take it.

I rapidly found though that most people did not tolerate it well and I rapidly advised my patients to stop taking it.

Now it is very clear that only a very small percentage of the omega-3 in flax is converted to EPA and DHA. It is actually EPA and DHA that do the heavy lifting for cancer prevention, not ALA.

I am somewhat surprised at the results of this study. I never suspected that high amounts of ALA would actually increase prostate cancer but this appears to be the case. At worst I would have guessed that it had little influence on prostate cancer. However, I don't think this is support that flax seed oil should not be consumed at all as we certainly need sources of ALA in our diet. I think the problem results when, like many vegetarians, one seeks to use ALA as a replacement for fish oil. This study is a very powerful testimony that this is just not a wise strategy to follow.

It is also very important to realize that cod liver oil is the ideal source of EPA and DHA for prostate cancer prevention as it is loaded with vitamin D and vitamin D may be even more important than EPA and DHA in prevention of prostate cancer.

Why make such a big deal out of this? Well prostate cancer is the number one cancer in men. So if you are a man or know or love someone who is, I strongly suggest you (or encourage him to) add a source of high-quality cod liver oil in your diet.

The following is a list of nutrients and techniques that can likely help men prevent prostate cancer:

Related Articles:

Fish Oil Benefits the Heart and Brain

Fish Oil / Cod Liver Oil Frequently Asked Questions

If You're Taking Fish Oil, Fat-Soluble Antioxidants are Crucial

How Fish Oil Can Treat & Prevent Cancer

Major Study Shows Fish Oil Fat in Infants Increases Adult Intelligence

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Community Comments ( 2 )
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silwit
[ Joined on 01/08 ] [ Posted on August 25, 2008 ]
       
   
 
Novice User

Considering how often in the past decade, less so past two-three decades, we have seen that "ratio of various fats" is more the deeper truth than "how much of a particular fat" (e.g. not so much total fat in diet but what kinds of dietary fat in cardiovascular and cancer risks), I'd like to see follow-up to this study to see what the ratio of the lipids are in the total prostate cancer risk and in the advanced prostate cancer groups.  E.g. using RBC membrane lipid analysis.  I wonder if it's not so much pure amount of ALA but ratio of EPA + DHA to ALA, or ratio of ALA + arachidonic acid to EPA + DHA.  Too bad RBC membrane lipid analysis is so expensive and we're doomed to decades more of "pure amounts of this particular fat" research versus full-spectrum ratios research.  

I'm also interested in antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxides -- does the ALA get peroxidized and incorporated into the prostate causing a cascade of problems?  If so, that would fit in with the old "if you increase your intake of unsaturated fats, there is an increased need for lipid-protective antioxidants" [and I add supplies to antioxidant systems, since selenium is not itself an antioxidant] and fits, e.g., the selenium and vitamin D recommendations in decreasing prostate cancer risks.  

I'd rather it not be just pure ALA that's a risk, since I'd rather folks eat ALA-rich vegies and, if they must, ALA-rich meat and eggs, rather than the modern more omega-6-rich such.

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johammond
[ Joined on 09/06 ] [ Posted on June 12, 2008 ]
       
   
 
Novice User

I have read that the flax oil on its own has been implicated in cancer, not the actual freshly ground flax seed.

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