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August 13 2007
Could Too Many Antioxidants be as Bad as Too Few?

Despite the popular notion that antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, offer health-promoting benefits by protecting against damaging free radicals, a new study in the August 10 issue of the journal Cell reveals that, in fact, balance is the key.

In a study on laboratory mice, researchers found that an overload of natural antioxidants could actually lead to heart failure. They’re hoping that their research may pave the way for a new class of drugs to treat or even prevent heart disease caused by “reductive stress.”

Reductive stress is a condition caused by excessive levels of reduced glutathione, which is one of your body’s most powerful antioxidants. When your cells work properly, they produce just the right amount of reduced glutathione, which is healthy for your body. However, in some people, a mutated gene can disrupt the fine balance, causing the cells to produce too much.

The researchers found that by lowering the level of reduced glutathione in mice with failing hearts, they were able to increase their rate of survival dramatically.

“Basically, we prevented them from getting heart failure,” said Dr. Ivor J. Benjamin, the study's lead author.

Oxidative stress is associated with a variety of deadly diseases, including heart disease, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s.

Cell August 10, 2007, 130(3):427-39

EurekAlert August 9, 2007

 



Dr. MercolaDr. Mercola's Comments:

The health of your body is dependent upon achieving and maintaining a delicate balance within your cellular environment, so it’s not that surprising to find that too much of a good thing is, well, too much. 

Many studies have demonstrated that antioxidants play a vital role in maintaining good health and reducing the risk of diseases like heart disease, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and cancer, and may contribute to slowing down the aging process itself. However, other studies have found antioxidants to have a neutral effect at best and a harmful effect at worst. However, many of these studies were flawed and used isolated synthetic supplements rather than those found in whole foods.

Nevertheless, the recommendation to simply supplement your diet with antioxidants isn't as simple as those who make them would have you believe. 

Do You Really Need Antioxidants? 

It is generally recognized that antioxidants are powerful nutrients that protect your health by fighting against free radicals in your body, preventing damage from oxidation. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules that steal electrons from the first thing they encounter, such as a cell wall, or a strand of DNA. The loss of an electron, in turn, oxidizes these cells, which makes them unstable and easily breakable.

As this free-radical damage continues, cells can no longer perform properly, and hence, tissues begin to degrade and disease sets in. 

And yet, you still need a certain level of free radicals, as your body uses the chain reaction of the free radicals to turn air and food into chemical energy. They also play a vital role in your immune response, attacking foreign invaders and bacteria.

Eliminating or dramatically reducing  them, might actually lead to more problems than not having them would solve.

Free radicals are a natural byproduct of breathing; antioxidants mop up the excess, and leave the rest to fulfill their other functions. This fine balancing act can be easily tipped to the point of either too much or too little.

Ah yes, isn't that the ticket?  The Goldilock's equation, where we need just the right amount to achieve optimal health, not too much and not too little. Fortunately your body can do a phenomenal job of self-regulating many of these levels if you supply it with wholesome, healthy foods and dramatically limit your intake of processed foods, which are loaded with artificial chemicals. It also helps quite a bit when you normalize your insulin levels, as elevated insulin levels cause absolute havoc in your body, and disrupt nearly every major part of your physiology for the worse.  When you have elevated insulin levels, the negative effects of free radicals are dramatically increased.

So what’s the answer?

The answer is, “Yes, you do need antioxidants,” but you need to make sure you’re getting them from the right sources -- from the food you eat. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and nuts will usually supply you with the antioxidants needed to walk this fine line.

How to Get the Maximum Benefit From Your Antioxidants 

One reason why a varied diet works better than simply taking antioxidant supplements is the fact that the isolated antioxidant may not be the exact one your body needs at that moment. Many supplements are also made from synthetic versions of the antioxidants, which will not synthesize properly within your body. Fruits and veggies, however, are rich in antioxidants, but they also contain hundreds of other chemicals, creating a synergistic effect where the total benefit is far greater than the sum of its parts.

Among the top ranked antioxidant-rich foods are:

    • Berries (wild blueberries, cranberries, blackberries, raspberries, strawberries, and cherries)
    • Beans
    • Artichokes

Since your body has its own unique metabolism and nutritional needs, selecting fruits and vegetables that work best for your particular nutritional type will help you get the maximum health benefit. One of the quickest and easiest ways to boost the healthy antioxidants in your diet is to make a vegetable juice tailored to your nutritional type, adding some fresh blueberries or other berries.  

Feel free to eat fresh berries as well, however, take care not to eat too many, as berries are high in sugar and may cause your insulin levels to rise if eaten in excess. When buying vegetables, fruits, and berries, I strongly recommend you try to find locally grown, organic produce, as they often contain greater concentrations of vital nutrients. 

Lutein, from a group of antioxidants that includes vitamins A, C, and E, is one antioxidant that has been shown to help reduce your risk of developing heart disease. These lutein-rich foods can help you increase your intake of this beneficial antioxidant:

    • Spinach
    • Carrots
    • Eggs (particularly raw egg yolks from organic eggs)

Under normal circumstances, your body is fully capable of neutralizing excess free radicals. However, your body may become overwhelmed, allowing free radical damage to occur if you:

  • Eat a mostly junk food/processed food diet
  • Don’t get enough sleep
  • Are under a lot of stress
  • Are exposed to a high number of free radicals (via pollution, smoking, and so on.)

Additionally, free radical damage does accumulate with age, so the longer your lifestyle and/or environment permits free radical damage, the greater the consequences will be later on. Making a few simple lifestyle changes, however, can help you prevent free radical damage from taking its toll on your health.



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Community Comments ( 27 )
Comment on this Article
  
  
rablpn
[ Joined on 02/07 ] [ Posted on August 10, 2007 ]
34 Points        
   
 
Savvy User
Articles like this drive me crazy because the headlines, which is all many will read, are so misleading. I want to know if reductive stress is an issue for mice (and presumablye humans) who don't have the genetic mutation. How common is this mutation in humans? How much glutathione were the mice given and how does that correlate in human terms? I know the original article in Cell would have the info but that's not what most people read. Unfortunately, stories like this get reported (especially on TV news' health segments) as written,and the reporters don't question the report. They really don't know that much and the average viewer or reader knows even less.
 [ Reply ]
Mercola
  
Russ Bianchi
[ Joined on 09/06 ]  [ Posted on August 10, 2007]
12 Points        
   
Savvy User
  Mercola
Uncle Russ again agrees completely with your comments.  Fake science by press release.
  
  
davidcmcm
[ Joined on 07/06 ] [ Posted on August 14, 2007 ]
7 Points        
   
 
Novice User
Until convinced otherwise I will stay with the theory of Linus Pauling and take vitamin C daily along with Lysine and omega 3 oils.
 [ Reply ]
  
  
KathyFP
[ Joined on 06/06 ] [ Posted on August 28, 2007 ]
5 Points        
   
 
Apprentice User

Yes, Linus Pauling was a genius.  I use mega C for colds or flu and usually lose those buggers within a day or two instead of the usual 10+ days.  Asorbic acid powder mixed with a 1/10th amount of baking soday-natural baking soda with clean water.   That also balances ph in the stomach.  :)

 [ Reply ]
Mercola
  
Upsndowns
[ Joined on 07/07 ]  [ Posted on August 28, 2007]
1 Points        
   
Novice User
  Mercola

Kathy: You might want to check out this web site: www.ashnow.com/hapnjoy. It is here that you will learn much about Pauling and Warburg and a whole host of other serious researchers.

You might find www.themostimportantwebsite.com of interest as well.

God bless . . .

  
  
wgc
[ Joined on 06/06 ] [ Posted on August 28, 2007 ]
4 Points        
   
 
Novice User

The one point I'd make is this: A natural diet would be an effective route to take if we weren't exposed to so many toxins on a daily basis. I was a raw foodist for years, and I never took supplements (aside from green powders). In some regards, my health was superlative (I never got colds, etc.) But there was still room for improvement, especially in areas that had to do with neurological functioning.

I read a wonderful book called "Detoxify or Die," by Dr. Sherry Rogers. Her basic point is that we have to megadose on certain antioxidants (like vitamin C and glutathione) to function optimally in this toxic world. She also recommends finding a doctor versed in environmental and preventative.

Since reading that book, I've found a wonderful doctor with that sort of background in my area, who recommended I take the supplements mentioned in Rogers' book. The difference in my overall health and appearance has been dramatic. I think more clearly, my skin looks better... it's been just amazing.

I don't want you to think this was ALL due to antioxidants. My doctor also put me on a plan to address candida overgrowth, and that has been quite successful. But I'm certain that the antioxidants have played a huge role. I really recommend reading that book if you want to learn more on the issue.

 [ Reply ]
  
  
John King
[ Joined on 11/06 ] [ Posted on August 28, 2007 ]
4 Points        
   
 
Novice User

All of the above comments regarding isolated and synthetic vitamins are true.  But what I always think of when one of these studies comes out is: Who did the study?  What are their affiliations?  Who gave them the money to do the study?  What are their motives?  If the study was some how funded by the AMA or a drug company, you have your answer.  They have little motivation for keeping us well.

 [ Reply ]
  
  
GilSaltman
[ Joined on 06/06 ] [ Posted on August 28, 2007 ]
4 Points        
   
 
Novice User

In my testing with kinesiology (muscle response testing) there is substantial truth to the article and I agree with Dr. Mercola's response about appropriate balance. I suggest that those who use or have access to kinesiology or a practitioner that uses it,  test their antioxidant balance. Ask the body if it is too high or too low. Test the antioxidants you take against the liver and see what antioxidants in what amount give the strongest response. You'll see that if the quantity is too great you'll get a weak response. I also agree that the primary source should be from fruits and vegetables.

 [ Reply ]
Mercola
  
Lew Brown
[ Joined on 06/06 ]  [ Posted on August 28, 2007]
4 Points        
   
Novice User
  Mercola

I agree, Gil. My wife and I have used applied kinesiology for many years with great results. We have dumped many suplements, added others and continuosly adjust the amouts we take, on a day=to-day basis.

Lew

  
  
Answers
[ Joined on 04/07 ] [ Posted on August 28, 2007 ]
3 Points        
   
 
Novice User

I absolutely agree. It depends on who said it and how they did the testing. I go the natural route, since we know that that works the best and it is more pure. For my own health I use a whole fruit Mangosteen juice with antioxidants. A natural health product

knows which part of the body needs to be helped, whereas we know that a med for example, is only prescribed for a specific ailment. If you take a food, you can't go too far wrong.

Nan

 [ Reply ]
  
  
seg
[ Joined on 11/06 ] [ Posted on August 16, 2007 ]
3 Points        
   
 
Savvy User
I'm not the least bit surprised with this at all, i had this suspicion a while ago, even if it's only been tested in mice and the results could be flawed, or debatable. I'm always leary of any "new discoveries". My personal motto has always been " to much of one thing is good for nothing ", so for ME i believe we need to keep things in balance and stick as close as possible to nature - this is not rocket science.....
 [ Reply ]
  
  
mmc88121
[ Joined on 11/06 ] [ Posted on August 10, 2007 ]
3 Points        
   
 
Moderator User
While I agree with the basic premise of the article, that to much of a good thing can be just as bad as not enough, the science behind it was very biased and not easily extrapolated to humans.

Mary
 [ Reply ]
  
  
DB0133
[ Joined on 06/06 ] [ Posted on August 28, 2007 ]
1 Points        
   
 
Novice User

This is the biggest crock of BS that I have heard.  Surely anyone involved in alternative health can see through this.  There is always some study that the FDA and the pharmaceutical industry is wanting publicized to scare the public so that they will not take supplements and keep themselves healthy, which would cut money out of doctors pockets and decrease the need for drugs from the pharmaceutical industry.  A well balanced Naturally sourced nutritional supplement that contains a broad spectrum of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, Omega 3's and Probiotics, that are in balanced ratios, not mega doses, are completely safe and proven to improve health and decrease incidence of disease.  I advise you to check out www.shakleevitalizer.com

I will be glad to discuss this with anyone.  Results to soon be published in JAMA.

 [ Reply ]
Mercola
  
ritzey
[ Joined on 06/06 ]  [ Posted on October 18, 2007]
       
   
Novice User
  Mercola

I agree these are scare tactics..I guess we aren't getting as sick & hospitals & nursing homes are full! Geeze we can't have that healthy people..unheard of?? They would rather keep us sick! More money for lawyers&drs pockets they head up the insurance companys. Thanks for the info I will check out the site you mentioned in your email...had to reply because I am tired of listening to these quacks that go off the deep end..we have to stick together and help each other out when it comes to staying healthy..we are all in this together..right?? I just made myself a healthy drink that Pat Robertson has on the 700 club & have been doing for a long time now to include supplements & I feel terrific..who listens to these quacks anyway..only folks that are uninformed bless their hearts but that's their problem the info is out there all they need to do is READ ABOUT IT !!! Many don't and rely totally on the FDA or their dr who knows nothing about health !! I have be involved with drs where they were giving too much of a drug to someone because they gave it to others & it worked but we are not all alike..& when I finally convinced him to take her off the drug she regained her appetite back and began eating like a normal person..anyway I agree with you and thank you...kathy

  
  
Haras
[ Joined on 02/07 ] [ Posted on August 28, 2007 ]
1 Points        
   
 
Novice User

I'm suspicious.

Maybe this study was done to pave the way for a new drug targeted at health conscious people who take antioxidants to live a longer and healthier life.  There'll be a drug to prevent heart failure in people who are antioxidant depleted and another drug for preventing heart failure in those who take antioxidants.  Hmmm, that just about covers everyone.  

 [ Reply ]
  
  
Omawazzi
[ Joined on 06/06 ] [ Posted on August 28, 2007 ]
1 Points        
   
 
Novice User

All I can say is: Antioxidants work for me and I will keep on using them.

I question anything said by the Media. They can be paid to promote lies to the people, much like our government politicians accept bribes from lobbyists.

If one ever hears the real truth of the matter, you will read or hear it over the Internet, not from the National Media.

Because of the Internet the truth has an avenue to get out and the "powers that be" would love to be able to stop it.

 [ Reply ]
  
  
etbsndc
[ Joined on 08/06 ] [ Posted on August 28, 2007 ]
1 Points        
   
 
Apprentice User

The readily available forms of vitamins C and E are not even the whole complex.  They are the outer coverings (or part of that covering) of each complex.  The vitamin C found in whole foods (or in whole food supplements) includes ascorbic acid, ascorbigen bioflavonoid complexes, tyrosinase, P factors, K factors, and J factors--none of these in their real forms are found in the synthetic arrangements sold to the American public.  The vitamin E found in whole foods (or whole food supplements) contains gamma tocopherol, beta tocopherol, alpha tocopherols, delta tocopherols, F1, F2, E2, E3, xanthine, selenium, and lipositols.  These substances are just what are known to be there.  It is the full complement of factors that provides the nutritional benefit.  It makes sense to me that fractionating these nutrients and then synthesizing them offers little real benefit and may certainly harm us.

 [ Reply ]